Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 1.13, Problem 2MQ
- What is a phylogenetic tree?
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 1.1 - In what ways are microorganisms important to...Ch. 1.1 - Why are microbial cells useful for understanding...Ch. 1.1 - What is a microbial colony and how is one formed?Ch. 1.1 - What are bacterial colonies and how are they...Ch. 1.2 - What structures are universal to all types of...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 1.2 - What structures can be used to distinguish between...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 1CRCh. 1.3 - How old is Earth and when did cells first appear...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 2MQ
Ch. 1.3 - Why were cyanobacteria so important in the...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 1CRCh. 1.4 - Prob. 1MQCh. 1.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 1.4 - Prob. 3MQCh. 1.4 - Prob. 1CRCh. 1.5 - Define the terms magnification and resolution.Ch. 1.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 1.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 1.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 1.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 1.6 - How can cells be made to fluoresce?Ch. 1.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 1.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 1.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 1.7 - Prob. 1CRCh. 1.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 1.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 1.8 - Prob. 1CRCh. 1.9 - Prob. 1MQCh. 1.9 - Prob. 2MQCh. 1.9 - Besides ending the controversy over spontaneous...Ch. 1.9 - Explain the principle behind the Pasteur flask in...Ch. 1.10 - How do Kochs postulates ensure that cause and...Ch. 1.10 - What advantages do solid media offer for the...Ch. 1.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 1.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 1.11 - What is meant by the term enrichment culture?Ch. 1.11 - Prob. 2MQCh. 1.11 - What were the major microbiological interests of...Ch. 1.12 - Describe the experiments that proved DNA was the...Ch. 1.12 - Why are microbial cells useful tools for basic...Ch. 1.12 - Describe the experiments that proved DNA to be the...Ch. 1.13 - What kinds of evidence support the three-domain...Ch. 1.13 - What is a phylogenetic tree?Ch. 1.13 - List three reasons why rRNA genes are suitable for...Ch. 1.13 - What insights led to the reconstruction of the...Ch. 1.14 - How are viruses different from Bacteria, Archaea,...Ch. 1.14 - What four bacterial phyla contain the most...Ch. 1.14 - Prob. 3MQCh. 1.14 - What features (or lack of features) can be used to...Ch. 1 - Pasteurs experiments on spontaneous generation...Ch. 1 - Describe the lines of proof Robert Koch used to...Ch. 1 - Imagine that all microorganisms suddenly...
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- a) What is a phylogenetic tree? b) What is a branch point? c) What are sister taxa? d) What is a ‘rooted’ phylogenetic tree?arrow_forwardHow does a phylogenetic tree indicate major evolutionary events within a lineage?arrow_forward1. a) What is a phylogenetic tree? b) What do the lines and branches in a phylogenetic tree represent?arrow_forward
- With two specific examples, explain why phylogenetics is a useful scientific tool for studying Organismal biology?arrow_forwardWould a protein encoded on the core genome or one encoded only on the pan-genome be best to use in constructing a phylogenetic tree? Explain your answerarrow_forwardWithin the field of phylogenetics, what does a “bootstrap value” represent? (write/make 3 points for this question)arrow_forward
- Why are the phylogenetic trees generated using MEGA and PhyML different?arrow_forwardCompare phylogenetic trees created using DNA data with phylogenetic trees created using chromosomal banding patterns. Which technique do you think is more valuable and why?arrow_forwardThe number of possible trees resulting from phylogenetic analysis grows exponentially with the number taxa, such that in a 22 taxon analysis there are more possible unrooted trees than there are stars in the universe. A) True B) False C) It depends on the inference method and optimality criteria used. D) Number of taxa and number of unrooted tree possibilities are unrelated in phylogenetic analysis.arrow_forward
- The genome relatedness of different organisms can be shown with a phylogenetic tree constructed based on DNA sequence. (1) Why DNA sequences could be used to deduce genome relationship? (2) What else may be used to suggest the relatedness of different genomes?arrow_forwardWhat are molecular scissors? Explain their role.arrow_forwardYou want to make a phylogenetic tree of a group of three related species of lizards that live on an island. Their genome sequences are highly similar except for a gene that controls body size. In that region of the genome, one of the lizard species has one copy of the growth control gene (L1), the second species has a duplication of the growth control gene (L2) and the third species has three copies of the same gene (L3). The lizard species show an increase in size depending on how many copies of the growth control gene they have (L1 is smallest, L2 is medium-sized and L3 is largest). Is this enough information to determine the phylogenetic relationships between the species, and predict which of the species arrived on the island first (and is the ancestral species)? Yes, because the ancestral lizard genome probably had a single copy of the growth control gene and after arriving on the island it was duplicated, resulting in species L2, and then another duplication occurred resulting in…arrow_forward
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