The geometry of all the atoms (except hydrogens) has to be predicted for the given set of compounds. Concept Introduction : According to VSEPR ( Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion ) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule. The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule. σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved. Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs. The geometry of the atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space. If the steric number is 4, the atom has sp 3 hybridization and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral. If the steric number is 3, the atom has sp 2 hybridization and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar. If the steric number is 2, the atom has sp hybridization and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear. To find: The geometry for all the atoms in the given compound (a)

Question

There is an instrument in Johnson 334 that measures total-reflectance x-ray fluorescence (TXRF) to do elemental analysis (i.e., determine what elements are present in a sample). A researcher is preparing a to measure calcium content in a series of well water samples by TXRF with an internal standard of vanadium (atomic symbol: V). She has prepared a series of standard solutions to ensure a linear instrument response over the expected Ca concentration range of 40-80 ppm. The concentrations of Ca and V (ppm) and the instrument response (peak area, arbitrary units) are shown below. Also included is a sample spectrum. Equation 1 describes the response factor, K, relating the analyte signal (SA) and the standard signal (SIS) to their respective concentrations (CA and CIS). Ca, ppm V, ppm SCa, arb. units SV, arb. units 20.0 10.0 14375.11 14261.02 40.0 10.0 36182.15 17997.10 60.0 10.0 39275.74 12988.01 80.0 10.0 57530.75 14268.54 100.0…

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 1.10, Problem 26PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of all the atoms (except hydrogens) has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the atom has sp³ hybridization and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the atom has sp² hybridization and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the atom has sp hybridization and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for all the atoms in the given compound (a)

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of all the atoms (except hydrogens) has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the atom has sp³ hybridization and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the atom has sp² hybridization and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the atom has sp hybridization and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for all the atoms in the given compound (b)

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of all the atoms (except hydrogens) has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the atom has sp³ hybridization and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the atom has sp² hybridization and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the atom has sp hybridization and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for all the atoms in the given compound (c)

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