Chapter 11, Problem 9P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of D-Allose: Epimeric at C-3 should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates are a large group of organic compounds that are present in foods, living tissues. These include sugars, cellulose, and starch. Anomers are the glycosides or cyclic monosaccharides that are epimers. These are different from each other in the configuration of C-1 (aldoses) or at C-2 if (ketoses).

Answer to Problem 9P

The structure of D-Allose:

Explanation of Solution

When two sugars vary in their configuration around one carbon atom then those sugars are known as epimers of each other.

The structure of D-Allose: Epimeric at C-3 is given below:

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of D-Altrose: Isomeric at C-2 and C-3 should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates are a large group of organic compounds that are present in foods, living tissues. These include sugars, cellulose, and starch. These are comprised of hydrogen and oxygen in a similar ratio as in water (2:1). They are usually broken down to release the energy in the animal body. These are of three types: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Answer to Problem 9P

The structure of D-Altrose:

Explanation of Solution

Glucose is an aldose as it contains one aldehyde group per molecule in its acyclic form. Mannose is a sugar of the hexose group. It occurs as a constituent of several natural polysaccharides.

The structure of D-Altrose: Isomeric at C-2 and C-3 is given below:

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure of D-Mannose: Eplmeric at C-2 should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates are a large group of organic compounds that are present in foods, living tissues. These include sugars, cellulose, and starch. These are comprised of hydrogen and oxygen in a similar ratio as in water (2:1). They are usually broken down to release the energy in the animal body. These are of three types: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Answer to Problem 9P

The structure of D-Mannose:

Explanation of Solution

Anomers are the glycosides or cyclic monosaccharides that are epimers. These are different from each other in the configuration of C-1 (aldoses) or at C-2 if (ketoses). In a pair of anomers, the anomer containing the alkoxy group or hydroxy group is pointing up on the anomeric carbon is known as the ß-anomer.

The structure of D-Mannose: Eplmeric at C-2 is given below:

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure of D- Gulose: Isomeric at C-3 and C-4

should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates are a large group of organic compounds that are present in foods, living tissues. These include sugars, cellulose, and starch. These are comprised of hydrogen and oxygen in a similar ratio as in water (2:1). They are usually broken down to release the energy in the animal body. These are of three types: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Answer to Problem 9P

The structure of D- Gulose:

Explanation of Solution

Glucose is an aldose as it contains one aldehyde group per molecule in its acyclic form. Mannose is a sugar of the hexose group. It occurs as a constituent of several natural polysaccharides.

The structure of D- Gulose: Isomeric at C-3 and C-4 is given below:

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The structure of D-Idose: Isomeric at C-2, C-3, and C-4 should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates are a large group of organic compounds that are present in foods, living tissues. These include sugars, cellulose, and starch. These are comprised of hydrogen and oxygen in a similar ratio as in water (2:1). They are usually broken down to release the energy in the animal body. These are of three types: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Answer to Problem 9P

The structure of D-Idose:

Explanation of Solution

Glucose is an aldose as it contains one aldehyde group per molecule in its acyclic form. Mannose is a sugar of the hexose group. It occurs as a constituent of several natural polysaccharides.

The structure of D-Idose: Isomeric at C-2, C-3, and C-4 is given below:

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The structure of D-Galactose: Epimeric at C-4 should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates are a large group of organic compounds that are present in foods, living tissues. These include sugars, cellulose, and starch. These are comprised of hydrogen and oxygen in a similar ratio as in water (2:1). They are usually broken down to release the energy in the animal body. These are of three types: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Answer to Problem 9P

The structure of D-Galactose:

Explanation of Solution

Glucose is an aldose as it contains one aldehyde group per molecule in its acyclic form. When two sugars vary in their configuration around one carbon atom then those sugars are known as epimers of each other.

The structure of D-Galactose: Epimeric at C-4 is given below:

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The structure of D-Talose: Isomeric at C-2 and C-4 should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates are a large group of organic compounds that are present in foods, living tissues. These include sugars, cellulose, and starch. These are comprised of hydrogen and oxygen in a similar ratio as in water (2:1). They are usually broken down to release the energy in the animal body. These are of three types: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Answer to Problem 9P

The structure of D-Talose:

Explanation of Solution

Glucose is an aldose as it contains one aldehyde group per molecule in its acyclic form. When two sugars vary in their configuration around one carbon atom then those sugars are known as epimers of each other.

The structure of D-Talose: Isomeric at C-2 and C-4 is given below: