Introduction to Chemistry
Introduction to Chemistry
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780073523002
Author: Rich Bauer, James Birk Professor Dr., Pamela S. Marks
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 11, Problem 8PP
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The volume of lead nitrate required to react with given potassium chromate solution and the mass of lead chromate formed are to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Titration is a method to determine the concentration of a substance in solution by allowing it to react with a solution of known concentration of other substance, just beyond the point where the reaction between both the substances comes to an end. In precipitation reactions, on reaction of the reactants, an insoluble end product is formed which precipitates out from the solution.

Expert Solution & Answer
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Answer to Problem 8PP

Solution:

The volume of lead nitrate required to react with given potassium chromate solution is 114.286 mL and mass of lead chromate formed is 3.878 g .

Explanation of Solution

Given Information:

The molarity of lead nitrate solution is 0.105 M and the molarity of potassium chromate is 0.120 M . The volume of potassium chromate is 100 ml .

The given chemical reaction is,

PbNO32aq + K2CrO4aq  PbCrO4s + 2KNO3aq

Thus, one mole of lead nitrate reacts with one mole of potassium chromate to form a mole of lead chromate.

The normality N of a solution is defined as the ratio of the molarity M of the solution to the oxidation state ions of solute. The oxidation state of both the solution is 2 . Therefore, the formula becomes:

N=M2 …… (1)

The product of volume of lead nitrate solution V1 and the normality of lead nitrate solution N1 is equal to the product of volume of potassium chromate solution V2 and normality of potassium chromate solution N2 .

V1N1=V2N2 …… (2)

N1 and N2 can be calculated by substituting M1 as 0.105 M and M2 as 0.120 M in equation (1) as follows:

N1=0.105 M2=0.0525 NN2=0.1202=0.06 N

The volume of lead nitrate solution is determined by using equation (2). Substitute V2 as 100 mL , N1 as 0.0525 N and N2 as 0.06 N in equation (2) as follows:

V1 × 0.0525 N=100 mL× 0.06 NV1 =100 mL×0.06 N0.0525 N=114.286 mL

Thus, the volume of lead nitrate required is 114.286 mL .

Convert volume units from milliliters to litres as follows:

1 L=1000 mL1mL=1 L1000mL

Convert 114.286 mL volume from milliliters to litres as follows:

114.286mL=1 L1000mL×114.286mL=0.1143 L

The molarity of the solution M is defined as the ratio of number of moles n to the volume of the solution V in litres. The number of moles is equal to the ratio of mass of solute m to the molar mass MM of the solution.

M=nV=mMM×V …… (3)

Substitute M as 0.105 mol L1 , MM as 331.2g mol1 and V as 0.1143L in equation (3) as follows:

0.105 mol L1=m331.2 g mol1×0.1143Lm=0.105mol L1×0.1143L×331.2 g mol1=3.974 g

From the equation, it can be summarized that one mole of lead nitrate produces one mole of lead chromate.

1 mole of lead nitrate = one mole lead chromate331.2 g of lead nitrate = 323.19 g lead chromate1 g of lead nitrate = 323.19 g lead chromate331.2g lead nitrate 

For 3.974 g of lead nitrate, the lead chromate produced is,

3.974 g lead nitrate produces=323.19 g lead chromate331.2g lead nitrate ×3.974 g lead nitrate=3.878 g lead chromate

Thus, the mass of lead chromate formed is 3.878 g .

Conclusion

The volume of lead nitrate required to react with given potassium chromate solution is 114.286 mL and the mass of lead chromate formed is 3.878 g .

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Chapter 11 Solutions

Introduction to Chemistry

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