The way in which reversible binding of signaling molecule discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of cell ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals. Introduction: A signaling molecule is usually a ligand, hormone, pheromone, or a peptide molecule that connects to the receptor and changes its shape, thereby activating specific signal transduction pathway in the target cell. Inactivation mechanism is a process by which the cell ceases its response to a signal that is adhered to the receptor, so that the respective pathway is shut down.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 8IQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way in which reversible binding of signaling molecule discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of cell ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Introduction: A signaling molecule is usually a ligand, hormone, pheromone, or a peptide molecule that connects to the receptor and changes its shape, thereby activating specific signal transduction pathway in the target cell. Inactivation mechanism is a process by which the cell ceases its response to a signal that is adhered to the receptor, so that the respective pathway is shut down.

b.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which GTPase activity of G protein discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Introduction: G proteins are heterotrimeric proteins coupled to GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor, which spans the plasma membrane.

c.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which phosphodiesterase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphodiesterases are a family of enzymes that can break the phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides.

d.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which phosphatase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphatases are enzymes that remove a phosphate group from proteins.

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19. On the diagram below a. Label the three pictures as: DNA; polypeptide; or RNA. b. Label the arrows as: translation or transcription/RNA processing. c. Add the following details to the diagram. Promoter region TATA box Transcription start site Transcription terminator Intron (A,B,C,D) Exons (1,2,3,4,5) Splice sites 5' cap 5' UTR (untranslated region) 3' poly A tail 3' UTR (untranslated region) Translational start (AUG) Translational stop (UGA, UAG, or UAA) N and C ends of polypeptide 0000

Match the letter labels in the figure below to the terms. Some letter labels are not used. MNNNNNNIN M C B A M D F E H K G 8

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 8IQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way in which reversible binding of signaling molecule discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of cell ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Introduction: A signaling molecule is usually a ligand, hormone, pheromone, or a peptide molecule that connects to the receptor and changes its shape, thereby activating specific signal transduction pathway in the target cell. Inactivation mechanism is a process by which the cell ceases its response to a signal that is adhered to the receptor, so that the respective pathway is shut down.

b.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which GTPase activity of G protein discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Introduction: G proteins are heterotrimeric proteins coupled to GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor, which spans the plasma membrane.

c.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which phosphodiesterase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphodiesterases are a family of enzymes that can break the phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides.

d.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which phosphatase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphatases are enzymes that remove a phosphate group from proteins.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 8IQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way in which reversible binding of signaling molecule discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of cell ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Introduction: A signaling molecule is usually a ligand, hormone, pheromone, or a peptide molecule that connects to the receptor and changes its shape, thereby activating specific signal transduction pathway in the target cell. Inactivation mechanism is a process by which the cell ceases its response to a signal that is adhered to the receptor, so that the respective pathway is shut down.

b.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which GTPase activity of G protein discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Introduction: G proteins are heterotrimeric proteins coupled to GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor, which spans the plasma membrane.

c.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which phosphodiesterase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphodiesterases are a family of enzymes that can break the phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides.

d.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which phosphatase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphatases are enzymes that remove a phosphate group from proteins.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 8IQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way in which reversible binding of signaling molecule discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of cell ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Introduction: A signaling molecule is usually a ligand, hormone, pheromone, or a peptide molecule that connects to the receptor and changes its shape, thereby activating specific signal transduction pathway in the target cell. Inactivation mechanism is a process by which the cell ceases its response to a signal that is adhered to the receptor, so that the respective pathway is shut down.

b.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which GTPase activity of G protein discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Introduction: G proteins are heterotrimeric proteins coupled to GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor, which spans the plasma membrane.

c.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which phosphodiesterase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphodiesterases are a family of enzymes that can break the phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides.

d.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which phosphatase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphatases are enzymes that remove a phosphate group from proteins.

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Answer 5

Chapter 11, Problem 8IQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way in which reversible binding of signaling molecule discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of cell ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Introduction: A signaling molecule is usually a ligand, hormone, pheromone, or a peptide molecule that connects to the receptor and changes its shape, thereby activating specific signal transduction pathway in the target cell. Inactivation mechanism is a process by which the cell ceases its response to a signal that is adhered to the receptor, so that the respective pathway is shut down.

b.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which GTPase activity of G protein discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Introduction: G proteins are heterotrimeric proteins coupled to GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor, which spans the plasma membrane.

c.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which phosphodiesterase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphodiesterases are a family of enzymes that can break the phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides.

d.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which phosphatase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphatases are enzymes that remove a phosphate group from proteins.

Answer 6

Chapter 11, Problem 8IQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way in which reversible binding of signaling molecule discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of cell ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Introduction: A signaling molecule is usually a ligand, hormone, pheromone, or a peptide molecule that connects to the receptor and changes its shape, thereby activating specific signal transduction pathway in the target cell. Inactivation mechanism is a process by which the cell ceases its response to a signal that is adhered to the receptor, so that the respective pathway is shut down.

Answer 7

Chapter 11, Problem 8IQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way in which reversible binding of signaling molecule discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of cell ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Introduction: A signaling molecule is usually a ligand, hormone, pheromone, or a peptide molecule that connects to the receptor and changes its shape, thereby activating specific signal transduction pathway in the target cell. Inactivation mechanism is a process by which the cell ceases its response to a signal that is adhered to the receptor, so that the respective pathway is shut down.

Answer 8

b.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which GTPase activity of G protein discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Introduction: G proteins are heterotrimeric proteins coupled to GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor, which spans the plasma membrane.

Answer 9

b.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which GTPase activity of G protein discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Introduction: G proteins are heterotrimeric proteins coupled to GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor, which spans the plasma membrane.

Answer 10

c.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which phosphodiesterase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphodiesterases are a family of enzymes that can break the phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides.

Answer 11

c.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which phosphodiesterase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphodiesterases are a family of enzymes that can break the phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides.

Answer 12

d.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which phosphatase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphatases are enzymes that remove a phosphate group from proteins.

Answer 13

d.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which phosphatase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphatases are enzymes that remove a phosphate group from proteins.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

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Solution Summary: The author explains how reversible binding of signaling molecule discontinues a cell's response and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Concept explainers

Videos

To explain: The way in which phosphodiesterase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphodiesterases are a family of enzymes that can break the phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides.

To explain: The way in which phosphatase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphatases are enzymes that remove a phosphate group from proteins.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 11 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains how reversible binding of signaling molecule discontinues a cell's response and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Concept explainers

Videos

To explain: The way in which phosphodiesterase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals Introduction: Phosphodiesterases are a family of enzymes that can break the phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides.

To explain: The way in which phosphatase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals Introduction: Phosphatases are enzymes that remove a phosphate group from proteins.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 11 Solutions

To explain: The way in which phosphodiesterase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphodiesterases are a family of enzymes that can break the phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides.

To explain: The way in which phosphatase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphatases are enzymes that remove a phosphate group from proteins.