Suppose a liquid is in equilibrium with its vapor in a piston-cylinder apparatus like that in Figure 11.24. If the piston is pushed in a short way and the system is allowed to return to equilibrium, what will have happened to the total number of molecules in both the liquid and the vapor? Figure 11.24 The effect of a volume change on the vapor pressure of a liquid . ( a ) Equilibrium exists between liquid and vapor. ( b ) The volume is increased, which upsets the equilibrium and causes the pressure to drop. The rate of condensation is now less than the rate of evaporation, which hasn’t changed. ( c ) After more liquid has evaporated, equilibrium is restored and the vapor pressure has returned to its initial value.
Suppose a liquid is in equilibrium with its vapor in a piston-cylinder apparatus like that in Figure 11.24. If the piston is pushed in a short way and the system is allowed to return to equilibrium, what will have happened to the total number of molecules in both the liquid and the vapor? Figure 11.24 The effect of a volume change on the vapor pressure of a liquid . ( a ) Equilibrium exists between liquid and vapor. ( b ) The volume is increased, which upsets the equilibrium and causes the pressure to drop. The rate of condensation is now less than the rate of evaporation, which hasn’t changed. ( c ) After more liquid has evaporated, equilibrium is restored and the vapor pressure has returned to its initial value.
Suppose a liquid is in equilibrium with its vapor in a piston-cylinder apparatus like that in Figure 11.24. If the piston is pushed in a short way and the system is allowed to return to equilibrium, what will have happened to the total number of molecules in both the liquid and the vapor?
Figure 11.24 The effect of a volume change on the vapor pressure of a liquid.
(a) Equilibrium exists between liquid and vapor. (b) The volume is increased, which upsets the equilibrium and causes the pressure to drop. The rate of condensation is now less than the rate of evaporation, which hasn’t changed. (c) After more liquid has evaporated, equilibrium is restored and the vapor pressure has returned to its initial value.
13.84. Chlorine atoms react with methane, forming HCI
and CH3. The rate constant for the reaction is
6.0 × 107 M¹ s¹ at 298 K. When the experiment
was run at three other temperatures, the following data
were collected:
T (K)
k (M-1 s-1)
303
6.5 × 107
308
7.0 × 107
313
7.5 x 107
a. Calculate the values of the activation energy and the
frequency factor for the reaction.
b. What is the value of the rate constant in the lower
stratosphere, where T = 218 K?
My Organic Chemistry textbook says about the formation of cyclic hemiacetals, "Such intramolecular reactions to form five- and six-membered rings are faster than the corresponding intermolecular reactions. The two reacting functional groups, in this case OH and C=O, are held in close proximity, increasing the probability of reaction."According to the book, the formation of cyclic hemiacetals occurs in acidic conditions. So my question is whether the carbonyl group in this reaction reacts first with the end alcohol on the same molecule or with the ethylene glycol. And, given the explanation in the book, if it reacts first with ethylene glycol before its own end alcohol, why would it? I don't need to know the final answer. I need to know WHY it would not undergo an intermolecular reaction prior to reacting with the ethylene glycol if that is the case. Please do not use an AI answer.
Don't used hand raiting and don't used Ai solution
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Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell