(a) Interpretation: The hybrid orbital sp 2 is to be defined. Concept introduction: The hybridization is a process in which mixing of two or more atomic orbitals occurs, thuis resulting in the new hybrid orbit. These atomic orbitals which are going to mix have slightly different energies as compared to each other.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 77SAE

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The hybrid orbital sp² is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

The hybridization is a process in which mixing of two or more atomic orbitals occurs, thuis resulting in the new hybrid orbit. These atomic orbitals which are going to mix have slightly different energies as compared to each other.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The symbol σ2p* is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

There are two types of molecular orbital which are bonding molecular orbit and the antibonding molecular orbital. An antibonding molecular orbital is represented by the sign of asterisk. This antibonding molecular orbital weakens the bonding between any two atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The term bond order is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

Bond order can be defined as the number of chemical bonds which are present between two atoms. These chemical bonds are formed by the bonding electrons or by antibonding electrons. Stability of any molecule is determined by the value of the bond order.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The term p bond is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

The covalent bonds which are formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals are called pi bonds. In this bond, formations overlap of p-orbitals of two atoms occurs which are placed parallel to each other.

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3. Put the following species in order of increasing bond length by using molecular orbital diagrams and calculating their bond orders: F2, F2, F2+ Molecular Orbital Diagram F2 F2 F2+ Bond Order

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 77SAE

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The hybrid orbital sp² is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

The hybridization is a process in which mixing of two or more atomic orbitals occurs, thuis resulting in the new hybrid orbit. These atomic orbitals which are going to mix have slightly different energies as compared to each other.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The symbol σ2p* is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

There are two types of molecular orbital which are bonding molecular orbit and the antibonding molecular orbital. An antibonding molecular orbital is represented by the sign of asterisk. This antibonding molecular orbital weakens the bonding between any two atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The term bond order is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

Bond order can be defined as the number of chemical bonds which are present between two atoms. These chemical bonds are formed by the bonding electrons or by antibonding electrons. Stability of any molecule is determined by the value of the bond order.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The term p bond is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

The covalent bonds which are formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals are called pi bonds. In this bond, formations overlap of p-orbitals of two atoms occurs which are placed parallel to each other.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 77SAE

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The hybrid orbital sp² is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

The hybridization is a process in which mixing of two or more atomic orbitals occurs, thuis resulting in the new hybrid orbit. These atomic orbitals which are going to mix have slightly different energies as compared to each other.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The symbol σ2p* is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

There are two types of molecular orbital which are bonding molecular orbit and the antibonding molecular orbital. An antibonding molecular orbital is represented by the sign of asterisk. This antibonding molecular orbital weakens the bonding between any two atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The term bond order is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

Bond order can be defined as the number of chemical bonds which are present between two atoms. These chemical bonds are formed by the bonding electrons or by antibonding electrons. Stability of any molecule is determined by the value of the bond order.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The term p bond is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

The covalent bonds which are formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals are called pi bonds. In this bond, formations overlap of p-orbitals of two atoms occurs which are placed parallel to each other.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 77SAE

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The hybrid orbital sp² is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

The hybridization is a process in which mixing of two or more atomic orbitals occurs, thuis resulting in the new hybrid orbit. These atomic orbitals which are going to mix have slightly different energies as compared to each other.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The symbol σ2p* is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

There are two types of molecular orbital which are bonding molecular orbit and the antibonding molecular orbital. An antibonding molecular orbital is represented by the sign of asterisk. This antibonding molecular orbital weakens the bonding between any two atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The term bond order is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

Bond order can be defined as the number of chemical bonds which are present between two atoms. These chemical bonds are formed by the bonding electrons or by antibonding electrons. Stability of any molecule is determined by the value of the bond order.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The term p bond is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

The covalent bonds which are formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals are called pi bonds. In this bond, formations overlap of p-orbitals of two atoms occurs which are placed parallel to each other.

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Answer 5

Chapter 11, Problem 77SAE

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The hybrid orbital sp² is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

The hybridization is a process in which mixing of two or more atomic orbitals occurs, thuis resulting in the new hybrid orbit. These atomic orbitals which are going to mix have slightly different energies as compared to each other.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The symbol σ2p* is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

There are two types of molecular orbital which are bonding molecular orbit and the antibonding molecular orbital. An antibonding molecular orbital is represented by the sign of asterisk. This antibonding molecular orbital weakens the bonding between any two atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The term bond order is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

Bond order can be defined as the number of chemical bonds which are present between two atoms. These chemical bonds are formed by the bonding electrons or by antibonding electrons. Stability of any molecule is determined by the value of the bond order.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The term p bond is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

The covalent bonds which are formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals are called pi bonds. In this bond, formations overlap of p-orbitals of two atoms occurs which are placed parallel to each other.

Answer 6

Chapter 11, Problem 77SAE

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The hybrid orbital sp² is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

The hybridization is a process in which mixing of two or more atomic orbitals occurs, thuis resulting in the new hybrid orbit. These atomic orbitals which are going to mix have slightly different energies as compared to each other.

Answer 7

Chapter 11, Problem 77SAE

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The hybrid orbital sp² is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

The hybridization is a process in which mixing of two or more atomic orbitals occurs, thuis resulting in the new hybrid orbit. These atomic orbitals which are going to mix have slightly different energies as compared to each other.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The symbol σ2p* is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

There are two types of molecular orbital which are bonding molecular orbit and the antibonding molecular orbital. An antibonding molecular orbital is represented by the sign of asterisk. This antibonding molecular orbital weakens the bonding between any two atoms.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The symbol σ2p* is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

There are two types of molecular orbital which are bonding molecular orbit and the antibonding molecular orbital. An antibonding molecular orbital is represented by the sign of asterisk. This antibonding molecular orbital weakens the bonding between any two atoms.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The term bond order is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

Bond order can be defined as the number of chemical bonds which are present between two atoms. These chemical bonds are formed by the bonding electrons or by antibonding electrons. Stability of any molecule is determined by the value of the bond order.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The term bond order is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

Bond order can be defined as the number of chemical bonds which are present between two atoms. These chemical bonds are formed by the bonding electrons or by antibonding electrons. Stability of any molecule is determined by the value of the bond order.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The term p bond is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

The covalent bonds which are formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals are called pi bonds. In this bond, formations overlap of p-orbitals of two atoms occurs which are placed parallel to each other.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The term p bond is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

The covalent bonds which are formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals are called pi bonds. In this bond, formations overlap of p-orbitals of two atoms occurs which are placed parallel to each other.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

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Solution Summary: The author explains that the hybrid orbital sp 2 is a combination of one‘s’ and two ‘p’ orbitals. An antibonding molecular orbit is represented by the sign of asterisk.

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(d)

Interpretation:

The term p bond is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

The covalent bonds which are formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals are called pi bonds. In this bond, formations overlap of p-orbitals of two atoms occurs which are placed parallel to each other.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 11 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains that the hybrid orbital sp 2 is a combination of one‘s’ and two ‘p’ orbitals. An antibonding molecular orbit is represented by the sign of asterisk.

Concept explainers

Videos

(d) Interpretation: The term p bond is to be defined. Concept introduction: The covalent bonds which are formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals are called pi bonds. In this bond, formations overlap of p-orbitals of two atoms occurs which are placed parallel to each other.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 11 Solutions

(d)

Interpretation:

The term p bond is to be defined.

Concept introduction:

The covalent bonds which are formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals are called pi bonds. In this bond, formations overlap of p-orbitals of two atoms occurs which are placed parallel to each other.