General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780132931281
Author: Ralph H. Petrucci, F. Geoffrey Herring, Jeffry D. Madura, Carey Bissonnette
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 75FP
Which of the following combinations of orbitals give rise to bonding molecular orbitals? For those combinations that do, label the resulting bonding molecular orbital as
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Chapter 11 Solutions
General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
Ch. 11 - Prob. 1ECh. 11 - Explain why it is necessary to hybridize atomic...Ch. 11 - Describe the molecular geometry of H2O suggested...Ch. 11 - Describe the molecular geometry of NH2 suggested...Ch. 11 - In which of the following, CO32-,SO2,CCl4,CO,NO3-...Ch. 11 - In the manner of Example 11-1, describe the...Ch. 11 - For each of the following species, identify the...Ch. 11 - Propose a plausible Lewis structure, geometric...Ch. 11 - Describe a hybridization scheme for the central Cl...Ch. 11 - Describe a hybridization scheme for the central S...
Ch. 11 - Match each of the following species with one of...Ch. 11 - Propose a hybridization scheme to account for...Ch. 11 - Indicate which of the following molecules and ions...Ch. 11 - In the manner of Figure 11-18, indicate the...Ch. 11 - Write Lewis structures for the following...Ch. 11 - Represent bonding in the carbon dioxide molecule,...Ch. 11 - Use the method of Figure 11-19 to represent...Ch. 11 - Use the method of Figure 11-19 to represent...Ch. 11 - The molecular model below represents citric acid,...Ch. 11 - Malic is e common organic acid found in unripe...Ch. 11 - Shown below are ball-and-stick models. Describe...Ch. 11 - Shown below are ban-and-stick models. Describe...Ch. 11 - Prob. 23ECh. 11 - The structure of the molecule allene, CH2CCH2 , is...Ch. 11 - Angelic acid, shown below, occurs in symbol root,...Ch. 11 - Dimethylolpropionic acid, shown below, is used in...Ch. 11 - Explain the essential difference in how the...Ch. 11 - Describe the bond order of diatomic carbon, C2 ,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 29ECh. 11 - The paramagnetism of gaseous B2 has been...Ch. 11 - Prob. 31ECh. 11 - Is it correct to say that when a diatomic molecule...Ch. 11 - For the following pairs of molecular orbitals,...Ch. 11 - For each of the species C2+,O2,F2+ , and NO+ ; a....Ch. 11 - Write plausible molecular orbital occupancy...Ch. 11 - We have used the term “isoelectronic” to refer to...Ch. 11 - Consider the molecules NO+ and N2+ and use...Ch. 11 - Consider the molecules CO+ and CN- and use...Ch. 11 - Construct the molecular orbital diagram for CF....Ch. 11 - Construct the molecular orbital diagram for SrCl....Ch. 11 - Explain why the concept of delocalized molecular...Ch. 11 - Explain how it is possible to avoid the concept of...Ch. 11 - In which of the following molecules would you...Ch. 11 - In which of the following ions would you expect to...Ch. 11 - The Lewis structure of N2 indicates that the...Ch. 11 - Show that both the valence bond method and...Ch. 11 - A group of spectroscopists believe that they have...Ch. 11 - Lewis theory is satisfactory to explain bonding in...Ch. 11 - The compound potassium sesquoxide has the...Ch. 11 - Draw a Lewis structure for the urea molecule, CO(...Ch. 11 - Methyl nitrate, CH2NO2 , is used as a rocket...Ch. 11 - Fluorine nitrate, FONO2 , is an oxidizing agent...Ch. 11 - Draw a Lewis structure(s) for the nitrite ion, NO2...Ch. 11 - Think of the reaction shown here as involving the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 55IAECh. 11 - Prob. 56IAECh. 11 - The molecule formamide, HCONH2 , has the...Ch. 11 - Pyridine, C2H2N , is used in the synthesis of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 59IAECh. 11 - The ion F2Cl is linear, but the ion F2Cl+ is bent....Ch. 11 - Prob. 61IAECh. 11 - Prob. 62IAECh. 11 - Prob. 63IAECh. 11 - Prob. 64IAECh. 11 - Histidine, an essential amino acid, serves as a...Ch. 11 - The anion I42 is linear, and the anion I5 is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 67IAECh. 11 - A conjugated hydrocarbon has an alternation of...Ch. 11 - An elusive intermediate of atmospheric reactions...Ch. 11 - Resonance energy is the difference in energy...Ch. 11 - Furan, C4H4O , is a substance derivable from oat...Ch. 11 - As discussed in Are You Wondering 11-1, the sp...Ch. 11 - In Chapter 10, we saw that electronegativity...Ch. 11 - Borazine, B2N2H2 is often referred to as inorganic...Ch. 11 - Which of the following combinations of orbitals...Ch. 11 - Prob. 76FPCh. 11 - Prob. 77SAECh. 11 - Prob. 78SAECh. 11 - Explain the important distinctions between the...Ch. 11 - A molecule in which sp2 hybrid orbitals are used...Ch. 11 - Prob. 81SAECh. 11 - The hybridization scheme for the central atom...Ch. 11 - Of the following, the species with a bond order of...Ch. 11 - The hybridization scheme for Xe in XeF2 is (a) sp;...Ch. 11 - Delocalized molecular orbitals are found in (a)...Ch. 11 - Prob. 86SAECh. 11 - Why does the hybridization sp2d not account for...Ch. 11 - What is the total number of (a) bonds and (b) p...Ch. 11 - Which of the following species are paramagnetic?...Ch. 11 - Use the valence molecular orbital configuration to...Ch. 11 - Use the valence molecular orbital configuration to...Ch. 11 - Which of these diatomic molecules do you think has...Ch. 11 - For each of the following ions or molecules,...Ch. 11 - Draw Lewis structures for the NO2 and NO2+ ions,...Ch. 11 - In which of the following is the central atom sp...Ch. 11 - Prob. 96SAECh. 11 - According to molecular orbital theory, the O22 ion...Ch. 11 - What is the angle between the hybrid orbitals...Ch. 11 - Consider the molecule with the Lewis structure...Ch. 11 - Construct a concept map that embodies the ideas of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 101SAECh. 11 - Construct a concept map that describes the...
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- The compound sketched below is acetylsalicylic acid, commonly known as aspirin. (a) What are the approximate values of the angles marked A, B, C, and D? (b) What hybrid orbitals are used by carbon atoms 1, 2, and 3ss?arrow_forwardIn each of the following molecules, a central atom is surrounded by a total of three atoms or unshared electron pairs: SnCl2, BCl3, SO2. In which of these molecules would you expect the bond angle to be less than 120? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardSpecify the electron-pair and molecular geometry for each underlined atom in the following list. Describe the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in each molecule or ion. (a) CSe2 (b) SO2 (c) CH2O (d) NH4ssarrow_forward
- Why is the concept of hybridization required in valence bond theory?arrow_forwardThe structure of amphetamine, a stimulant, is shown below. (Replacing one H atom on the NH2, or amino, group with CH3 gives methamphetamine a particularly dangerous drug commonly known as speed.) (a) What are the hybrid orbitals used by the C atoms of the C6 ring. by the C atoms of the side chain, and by the N atom? (b) Give approximate values for the bond angles A, B, and C. (c) How many bonds and bonds are in the molerule? (d) Is the molecule polar or nonpolar? (e) Amphetamine reacts readily with a proton (H+) in aqueous solution. Where does this proton attach to the molecule? Explain how the electrostatic potential map predicts this site of protonation.arrow_forwardSpecify the electron-pair and molecular geometry for each underlined atom in the following list. Describe the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in each molecule or ion. (a) BBr3 (b) CO2 (c) CH2Cl2 (d) CO32arrow_forward
- Compare and contrast the molecular orbital and ionic bonding descriptions of LiF.arrow_forwardGive the hybridization of each central atom in the following molecules. (a) cyclohexene (b) phosgene, Cl2CO (c) glycine, H2NC(1)H2C(2)OOH (Note: Numbers in parentheses label each carbon atom.)arrow_forwardMethylcyanoacrylate is the active ingredient in super glues. Its Lewis structure is (a) How many sigma bonds are in the molecule? (b) How many pi bonds are in the molecule? (c) What is the hybridization of the carbon atom bonded to nitrogen? (d) What is the hybridization of the carbon atom bonded to oxygen? (e) What is the hybridization of the double-bonded oxygen?arrow_forward
- 7.59 What type of hybrid orbital is generated by combining the valence s orbital and all three valence p orbitals of an atom? How many hybrid orbitals result?arrow_forwardAspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid, has the formula C9H8O4 and the skeleton structure (a) Complete the Lewis structure and give the number of bonds and bonds in aspirin. (b) What is the hybridization about the CO2H carbon atom (colored blue)? (c) What is the hybridization about the carbon atom in the benzene-like ring that is bonded to an oxygen atom (colored red)? Also, what is the hybridization of the oxygen atom bonded to this carbon atom?arrow_forwardCalcium cyanamide, CaNCN, is used both to kill weeds and as a fertilizer. Give the Lewis structure of the NCN2 ion and the bonded-atom lone-pair arrangement and hybridization of the carbon atom.arrow_forward
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