Chapter 11, Problem 61QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of the given element by using the symbol of the previous noble gas is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electronic configuration. The description of every electron that is moving freely in an orbital is given by the electronic configuration of that atom.

Answer to Problem 61QAP

The electronic configuration of the given element, scandium, is $\left[\text{Ar}\right]3{\text{d}}^{1}4{\text{s}}^2$.

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of scandium that has atomic number equals to $\text{Z}=21$ is shown as,

$\left[\text{Ar}\right]3{\text{d}}^{1}4{\text{s}}^2$

This electronic configuration is shown by using the symbol of the noble gas, argon $\left[\text{Ar}\right]$, which has atomic number equal to $18$. The total number of core electrons, that is, $18$ possessed by scandium is shown by the symbol $\left[\text{Ar}\right]$. The electronic configuration of argon is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^6$.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of the given element by using the symbol of the previous noble gas is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electronic configuration. The description of every electron that is moving freely in an orbital is given by the electronic configuration of that atom.

Answer to Problem 61QAP

The electronic configuration of the given element, yttrium, is $\left[\text{Kr}\right]4{\text{d}}^{1}5{\text{s}}^2$.

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of yttrium that has atomic number equal to $\text{Z}=39$ is shown as,

$\left[\text{Kr}\right]4{\text{d}}^{1}5{\text{s}}^2$

This electronic configuration is shown by using the symbol of the noble gas, krypton $\left[\text{Kr}\right]$, which has atomic number equal to $36$. The total number of core electrons, that is, $36$ possessed by yttrium is shown by the symbol $\left[\text{Kr}\right]$. The electronic configuration of krypton is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{d}}^{10}4{\text{s}}^{2}4{\text{p}}^6$.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of the given element by using the symbol of the previous noble gas is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electronic configuration. The description of every electron that is moving freely in an orbital is given by the electronic configuration of that atom.

Answer to Problem 61QAP

The electronic configuration of the given element, lanthanum, is $\left[\text{Xe}\right]5{\text{d}}^{1}6{\text{s}}^2$.

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of lanthanum that has atomic number equal to $\text{Z}=57$ is shown as,

$\left[\text{Xe}\right]5{\text{d}}^{1}6{\text{s}}^2$

This electronic configuration is shown by using the symbol of the noble gas, xenon $\left[\text{Xe}\right]$, which has atomic number equal to $54$. The total number of core electrons, that is, $36$ possessed by lanthanum is shown by the symbol of xenon $\left[\text{Xe}\right]$. The electronic configuration of xenon is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{d}}^{10}4{\text{s}}^{2}4{\text{p}}^{6}4{\text{d}}^{10}5{\text{s}}^{2}5{\text{p}}^6$.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of the given element by using the symbol of the previous noble gas is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electronic configuration. The description of every electron that is moving freely in an orbital is given by the electronic configuration of that atom.

Answer to Problem 61QAP

The electronic configuration of the given element, actinium, is $\left[\text{Rn}\right]6{\text{d}}^{1}7{\text{s}}^2$.

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of actinium that has atomic number equal to $\text{Z}=89$ is shown as,

$\left[\text{Rn}\right]6{\text{d}}^{1}7{\text{s}}^2$

This electronic configuration is shown by using the symbol of the noble gas, radon $\left[\text{Rn}\right]$, which has atomic number equals to $86$. The total number of core electrons, that is, $10$ possessed by actinium is shown by the symbol $\left[\text{Rn}\right]$. The electronic configuration of radon is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{d}}^{10}4{\text{s}}^{2}4{\text{p}}^{6}4{\text{d}}^{10}5{\text{s}}^{2}5{\text{p}}^{6}4{\text{f}}^{14}5{\text{d}}^{10}6{\text{s}}^{2}6{\text{p}}^6$.