Chapter 11, Problem 96AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The full electron configuration for the element with given atomic number, the orbital box diagram and the noble gas shorthand configuration ions are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electron configuration. The description of every electron in an orbital is given by the electron configuration of that atom.

Answer to Problem 96AP

The electron configuration of the given element with $\text{Z}=\text{19}$ is,

$1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^{6}4{\text{s}}^1$ and the orbital box diagram is shown in Figure 1. The noble gas shorthand configuration is $\left[\text{Ar}\right]4{\text{s}}^1$.

Explanation of Solution

The electron configuration of the given element with $\text{Z}=\text{19}$ is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^{6}4{\text{s}}^1$.

The orbitals in the orbital box diagram are arranged in increasing order of energy shells. The orbital box diagram is,

Figure 1

The electron configuration of the given element can also be written as $\left[\text{Ar}\right]4{\text{s}}^1$. This electron configuration is shown by using the symbol of the noble gas, argon $\left[\text{Ar}\right]$, which has atomic number equal to $18$. The total number of core electrons is shown by the symbol of argon $\left[\text{Ar}\right]$. The electron configuration of argon is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^6$.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The full electron configuration for the element with given atomic number, the orbital box diagram and the noble gas shorthand configuration ions are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electron configuration. The description of every electron that is moving freely in an orbital is given by the electron configuration of that atom.

Answer to Problem 96AP

The electron configuration of the given element with $\text{Z}=22$ is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{d}}^{2}4{\text{s}}^2$ and the orbital box diagram is shown in Figure 2. The noble gas shorthand configuration is $\left[\text{Ar}\right]3{\text{d}}^{2}4{\text{s}}^2$.

Explanation of Solution

The electron configuration of the given element with $\text{Z}=22$ is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{d}}^{2}4{\text{s}}^2$.

The orbitals in the orbital box diagram are arranged in increasing order of energy shells. The orbital box diagram is,

Figure 2

The electron configuration of the given element can also be written as $\left[\text{Ar}\right]3{\text{d}}^{2}4{\text{s}}^2$. This electron configuration is shown by using the symbol of the argon gas, $\left[\text{Ar}\right]$, which has atomic number equal to $18$. The total number of core electrons in the given element is shown by the symbol of argon $\left[\text{Ar}\right]$. The electron configuration of argon is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^6$.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The full electron configuration for the element with given atomic number, the orbital box diagram and the noble gas shorthand configuration ions are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electron configuration. The description of every electron in an orbital is given by the electron configuration of that atom.

Answer to Problem 96AP

The electron configuration of the given element with $\text{Z}=14$ is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^2$ and the orbital box diagram is shown in Figure 3. The noble gas shorthand configuration is $\left[\text{Ne}\right]3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^2$.

Explanation of Solution

The electron configuration of the given element with $\text{Z}=14$ is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^2$.

The orbitals in the orbital box diagram are arranged in increasing order of energy shells. The orbital box diagram is,

Figure 3

The electron configuration of the given element can also be written as $\left[\text{Ne}\right]3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^2$. This electron configuration is shown by using the symbol of the noble gas, neon $\left[\text{Ne}\right]$, which has atomic number equal to $10$. The total number of core electrons is shown by the symbol of neon $\left[\text{Ne}\right]$. The electron configuration of neon is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^6$.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The full electron configuration for the element with given atomic number, the orbital box diagram and the noble gas shorthand configuration ions are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electron configuration. The description of every electron in an orbital is given by the electron configuration of that atom.

Answer to Problem 96AP

The electron configuration of the given element with $\text{Z}=26$ is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{d}}^{6}4{\text{s}}^2$ and the orbital box diagram is shown in Figure 4. The noble gas shorthand configuration is $\left[\text{Ar}\right]3{\text{d}}^{6}4{\text{s}}^2$.

Explanation of Solution

The electron configuration of the given element with $\text{Z}=26$ is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{d}}^{6}4{\text{s}}^2$.

The orbitals in the orbital box diagram are arranged in increasing order of energy shells. The orbital box diagram is,

Figure 4

The electron configuration of the given element can also be written as $\left[\text{Ar}\right]3{\text{d}}^{6}4{\text{s}}^2$. This electron configuration is shown by using the symbol of the noble gas, argon $\left[\text{Ar}\right]$, which has atomic number equal to $18$. The total number of core electrons is shown by the symbol of argon $\left[\text{Ar}\right]$. The electron configuration of argon is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^6$.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The full electron configuration for the element with given atomic number, the orbital box diagram and the noble gas shorthand configuration ions are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electron configuration. The description of every electron in an orbital is given by the electron configuration of that atom.

Answer to Problem 96AP

The electron configuration of the given element with $\text{Z}=\text{30}$ is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{d}}^{10}4{\text{s}}^2$ and the orbital box diagram is shown in Figure 5. The noble gas shorthand configuration is $\left[\text{Ar}\right]3{\text{d}}^{10}4{\text{s}}^2$.

Explanation of Solution

The electron configuration of the given element with $\text{Z}=\text{30}$ is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{d}}^{10}4{\text{s}}^2$.

The orbitals in the orbital box diagram are arranged in increasing order of energy shells. The orbital box diagram is,

Figure 5

The electron configuration of the given element can also be written as $\left[\text{Ar}\right]3{\text{d}}^{10}4{\text{s}}^2$. This electron configuration is shown by using the symbol of the noble gas, argon $\left[\text{Ar}\right]$, which has atomic number equal to $18$. The total number of core electrons that is $18$ possess by element is shown by the symbol of argon $\left[\text{Ar}\right]$. The electron configuration of argon is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^6$.