Chapter 11, Problem 37E

a.

Program Plan Intro

File:

• A group of interrelated data is called as a file.
• Accessing a file either by using sequential access or by using direct access does not depend upon any physical medium such as disk or magnetic tape.
• The file can be accessed in two ways. They are as follows,
  • Sequential access file
  • Direct access file

Explanation of Solution

b.

Implementations of direct access file on a magnetic tape:

• If the information from the file is accessed directly by specifying the record number, then it is called direct access file.
• The file can be accessed through any of the physical medium.
• Implementation of direct access technique on a magnetic tape is as follows:
  • The records in the magnetic tape are addressed from first to last.
  • The magnetic tapes are updated with the counter for each read or write operation. So, it keeps track of the records that was read last by the magnetic tape.
  • If the user is granted to read the specific record on a magnetic tape, it first checks the address of the record...