1st Edition

ISBN: 9781630181871

Author: OpenStax, Ima Lyubkinskaya, Gregg Wolfe Douglas, Ingram, Liza Puiji, Sudhi Oberoi Nathan, Czuba

Publisher: OpenStax College.

Concept explainers

The term fluid pressure is coined as, the measurement of the force per unit area of a given surface of a closed container. It is a branch of physics that helps to study the properties of fluid under various conditions of force.

Gauge Pressure

Pressure is the physical force acting per unit area on a body; the applied force is perpendicular to the surface of the object per unit area. The air around us at sea level exerts a pressure (atmospheric pressure) of about 14.7 psi but this doesn’t seem …

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Textbook Question

Chapter 11, Problem 33CQ

Is surface tension due to cohesive or adhesive forces, or both?

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Chapter 11, Problem 32CQ

Chapter 11, Problem 34CQ

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The force of the quadriceps (Fq) and force of the patellar tendon (Fp) is identical (i.e., 1000 N each). In the figure below angle in blue is Θ and the in green is half Θ (i.e., Θ/2). A) Calculate the patellar reaction force (i.e., R resultant vector is the sum of the horizontal component of the quadriceps and patellar tendon force) at the following joint angles: you need to provide a diagram showing the vector and its components for each part. a1) Θ = 160 degrees, a2) Θ = 90 degrees. NOTE: USE ONLY TRIGNOMETRIC FUNCTIONS (SIN/TAN/COS, NO LAW OF COSINES, NO COMPLICATED ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS OR ANYTHING ELSE, ETC. Question A has 2 parts!

The force of the quadriceps (Fq) and force of the patellar tendon (Fp) is identical (i.e., 1000 N each). In the figure below angle in blue is Θ and the in green is half Θ (i.e., Θ/2). A) Calculate the patellar reaction force (i.e., R resultant vector is the sum of the horizontal component of the quadriceps and patellar tendon force) at the following joint angles: you need to provide a diagram showing the vector and its components for each part. a1) Θ = 160 degrees, a2) Θ = 90 degrees. NOTE: USE DO NOT USE LAW OF COSINES, NO COMPLICATED ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS OR ANYTHING ELSE, ETC. Question A has 2 parts!

Chapter 11 Solutions

College Physics for AP Courses

Ch. 11 - What physical characteristic distinguishes a fluid...Ch. 11 - Which of the following substances are fluids at...Ch. 11 - Why are gases easier to compress than liquids and...Ch. 11 - How do gases differ from liquids?Ch. 11 - Approximately how does the density of air vary...Ch. 11 - Give an example in which density is used to...Ch. 11 - Figure 11.40 shows a glass of ice water filled to...Ch. 11 - How is pressure related to the sharpness of a...Ch. 11 - Why does a dull hypodermic needle hurt more than a...Ch. 11 - The outward force on one end of an air tank was...

Ch. 11 - Why is force exerted by static fluids always...Ch. 11 - In a remote location near the North Pole, an...Ch. 11 - How do jogging on soft ground and wearing padded...Ch. 11 - Toe dancing (as in ballet) is much harder on toes...Ch. 11 - How do you convert pressure units like millimeters...Ch. 11 - Atmospheric pressure exerts a large force (equal...Ch. 11 - Why does atmospheric pressure decrease more...Ch. 11 - What are two reasons why mercury rather than water...Ch. 11 - Figure 11.41 shows how sandbags placed around a...Ch. 11 - Why is it difficult to swim under water in the...Ch. 11 - Is there a net force on a due to atmospheric...Ch. 11 - Does atmospheric pressure add to the gas pressure...Ch. 11 - You can break a strong wine bottle by pounding a...Ch. 11 - Suppose the master cylinder in a hydraulic system...Ch. 11 - Explain why the fluid reaches equal levels on...Ch. 11 - Figure 11.17 shows how a common measurement of...Ch. 11 - Considering the magnitude of typical arterial...Ch. 11 - More force is required to pull the plug in a full...Ch. 11 - Do fluids exert buoyant forces in a "weightless"...Ch. 11 - Will the same ship float higher in salt water than...Ch. 11 - Marbles dropped into a partially filled bathtub...Ch. 11 - The density of oil is less than that of water, yet...Ch. 11 - Is surface tension due to cohesive or adhesive...Ch. 11 - Is capillary action due to cohesive or adhesive...Ch. 11 - Birds such as ducks, geese, and swans have greater...Ch. 11 - Water beads up on an oily sunbather, but not on...Ch. 11 - Could capillary action be used to move fluids in a...Ch. 11 - What effect does capillary action have on the...Ch. 11 - Pressure between the inside chest wall and the...Ch. 11 - Gold is sold by the troy ounce (31.103 g). What is...Ch. 11 - Mercury is commonly supplied in flasks containing...Ch. 11 - (a) What is the mass of a deep breath of air...Ch. 11 - A straightforward method of finding the density of...Ch. 11 - Suppose you have a coffee mug with a circular...Ch. 11 - (a) A rectangular gasoline tank can hold 50.0 kg...Ch. 11 - A trash compactor can reduce the volume of its...Ch. 11 - A 2.50-kg steel gasoline can holds 20.0 L of...Ch. 11 - What is the density of 18.0-karat gold that is a...Ch. 11 - There is relatively little empty space between...Ch. 11 - As a woman walks, her entire weight is momentarily...Ch. 11 - The pressure exerted by a phonograph needle on a...Ch. 11 - Nail tips exert tremendous pressures when they are...Ch. 11 - What depth of mercury creates a pressure of 1.00...Ch. 11 - The greatest ocean depths on the Earth are found...Ch. 11 - Verify that the SI unit of hpg is N/m2.Ch. 11 - Water towers store water above the level of...Ch. 11 - The aqueous humor in a person's eye is exerting a...Ch. 11 - How much force is exerted on one side of an 8.50...Ch. 11 - What pressure is exerted on the bottom of a...Ch. 11 - Calculate the average pressure exerted on the palm...Ch. 11 - The left side of the heart creates a pressure of...Ch. 11 - Show that the total force on a rectangular dam due...Ch. 11 - How much pressure is transmitted in the hydraulic...Ch. 11 - What force must be exerted on the master cylinder...Ch. 11 - A crass host pours the remnants of several bottles...Ch. 11 - A certain hydraulic system is designed to exert a...Ch. 11 - (a) Verify that work input equals work output for...Ch. 11 - Find the gauge and absolute pressures in the...Ch. 11 - (a) Convert normal blood pressure readings of 120...Ch. 11 - How tall must a water-filled manometer be to...Ch. 11 - Pressure cookers have been around for more than...Ch. 11 - Suppose you measure a standing person's blood...Ch. 11 - A submarine is stranded on the bottom of the ocean...Ch. 11 - Assuming bicycle tires are perfectly flexible and...Ch. 11 - What fraction of ice is submerged when it floats...Ch. 11 - Logs sometimes float vertically in a lake because...Ch. 11 - Find the density of a fluid in which a hydrometer...Ch. 11 - If your body has a density of 995 kg/m3, what...Ch. 11 - Bird bones have air pockets in them to reduce...Ch. 11 - A rock with a mass of 540 g in air is found to...Ch. 11 - Archimedes' principle can be used to calculate the...Ch. 11 - In an immersion measurement of a woman's density,...Ch. 11 - Some fish have a density slightly less than that...Ch. 11 - (a) Calculate the buoyant force on a 2.00-L helium...Ch. 11 - (a) What is the density of a woman who floats in...Ch. 11 - A certain man has a mass of 80 kg and a density of...Ch. 11 - A simple compass can be made by placing a small...Ch. 11 - What fraction of an iron anchor's weight will be...Ch. 11 - Scurrilous con artists have been known to...Ch. 11 - A twin-sized air mattress used for camping has...Ch. 11 - Referring to Figure 11.21, prove that the buoyant...Ch. 11 - (a) A 75.0-kg man floats in freshwater with 3.00%...Ch. 11 - What is the pressure inside an alveolus having a...Ch. 11 - (a) The pressure inside an alveolus with a 2.00104...Ch. 11 - What is the gauge pressure in millimeters of...Ch. 11 - Calculate the force on the slide wire in Figure...Ch. 11 - Figure 11.35(a) shows the effect of tube radius on...Ch. 11 - We stated in Example 11.12 that a xylem tube is of...Ch. 11 - What fluid is in the device shown in Figure 11.29...Ch. 11 - If the gauge pressure inside a rubber balloon with...Ch. 11 - Calculate the gauge pressures inside...Ch. 11 - Suppose water is raised by capillary action to a...Ch. 11 - Calculate the contact angle for olive oil if...Ch. 11 - When two soap bubbles touch, the larger is...Ch. 11 - Calculate the ratio of the heights to which water...Ch. 11 - What is the ratio of heights to which ethyl...Ch. 11 - During forced exhalation, such as when blowing up...Ch. 11 - You can chew through very tough objects with your...Ch. 11 - One way to force air into an unconscious person's...Ch. 11 - Heroes in movies hide beneath water and breathe...Ch. 11 - Gauge pressure in the fluid surrounding an...Ch. 11 - A full-term fetus typically has a mass of 3.50 kg....Ch. 11 - If the pressure in the esophagus is -2.00 mm Hg...Ch. 11 - Pressure in the spinal fluid is measured as shown...Ch. 11 - Calculate the maximum force in newtons exerted by...Ch. 11 - During heavy lifting, a disk between spinal...Ch. 11 - When a person sits erect, increasing the vertical...Ch. 11 - (a) How high will water rise in a glass capillary...Ch. 11 - A negative pressure of 25.0 atm can sometimes be...Ch. 11 - Suppose you hit a steel nail with a 0.500-kg...Ch. 11 - Calculate the pressure due to the ocean at the...Ch. 11 - The hydraulic system of a backhoe is used to lift...Ch. 11 - Some miners wish to remove water from a mine...Ch. 11 - You are pumping up a bicycle tire with a hand...Ch. 11 - Consider a group of people trying to stay afloat...Ch. 11 - The alveoli in emphysema victims are damaged and...

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