EBK THINKING LIKE AN ENGINEER
4th Edition
ISBN: 8220103633512
Author: OHLAND
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 24RQ
When a wine generator is installed there is a substantial initial cost, but daily operation requires no further cash payment. However, to keep the generator in proper operating condition, it must undergo maintenance once a year. Each maintenance cycle requires a cash payment of $5000. The solid lines on the following graph show this situation. The stepped blue line shows the cost over time and the straight brown line shows the revenue derived from the generator.
As the second yearly maintenance approaches, you are informed by the manufacturer that a significant upgrade is available for additional cost. The upgrade will make the generator far more efficient, thus the revenue would increase substantially. The yearly maintenance cost after the upgrade would still be $5000. The dashed lines show the cost and revenue projections if the upgrade s installed.
- a. What is the amount of revenue per year without the upgrade?
- b. What is the initial cost of the wind generator?
- c. How many years after the initial installation do you break even if the upgrade is installed? List your answer as number of years 1 number of months.
- d. What is the cost of the upgrade completed at the two-year maintenance cycle? Note that this amount includes the standard $5000 maintenance fee.
- e. How many years after the initial installation would the profit be the same whether you upgrade or not? List your answer as number of years + number of months.
- f. How many years after the initial installation will you have made a profit of $25,000 if the upgrade is NOT installed? List your answer as number of years + number of months.
- g. If the upgrade results in increased reliability, thus increasing the maintenance interval to two years, though still at a cost of $5000 per maintenance, how many years after the initial installation v/ill you break even after the upgrade? List your answer as number of years + number of months.
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y = +h
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Figure Q1: Flow in a hydrodynamic bearing. The plates extend a width, W = 20 cm,
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Question 1
You are working as an engineer in a bearing systems design company. The flow of
lubricant inside a hydrodynamic bearing (µ = 0.001 kg m¯¹ s¯¹) can be approximated
as a parallel, steady, two-dimensional, incompressible flow between two parallel plates.
The top plate, representing the moving part of the bearing, travels at a constant speed,
U, while the bottom plate remains stationary (Figure Q1). The plates are separated by
a distance of 2h = 1 cm and are W = 20 cm wide. Their length is L = 10 cm. By
applying the above approximations to the Navier-Stokes equations and assuming that
end effects can be neglected, the horizontal velocity profile can be shown to be
1 dP
u(y)
=
2μ dx
-y² + Ay + B
y= +h
Ꮖ
2h=1 cm
1
x1
y = −h
moving plate
stationary plate
2
X2
L = 10 cm
Figure Q1: Flow in a hydrodynamic bearing. The plates extend a width, W = 20 cm,
into the page.
(a) By considering the appropriate boundary conditions, show that the constants take
the following forms:
U
U
1 dP
A =…
Question 2
You are an engineer working in the propulsion team for a supersonic civil transport
aircraft driven by a turbojet engine, where you have oversight of the design for the
engine intake and the exhaust nozzle, indicated in Figure Q2a. The turbojet engine can
operate when provided with air flow in the Mach number range, 0.60 to 0.80. You are
asked to analyse a condition where the aircraft is flying at 472 m/s at an altitude of
14,000 m. For all parts of the question, you can assume that the flow path of air through
the engine has a circular cross section.
(a)
← intake
normal
shock
472 m/s
A B
(b)
50 m/s
H
472 m/s
B
engine
altitude: 14,000 m
exhaust nozzle
E
F
exit to
atmosphere
diameter: DE = 0.30 m
E
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diameter: DF = 0.66 m
Figure Q2: Propulsion system for a supersonic aircraft.
a) When the aircraft is at an altitude of 14,000 m, use the International Standard
Atmosphere in the Module Data Book to state the local air pressure and tempera-
ture. Thus show that the aircraft speed…
Chapter 11 Solutions
EBK THINKING LIKE AN ENGINEER
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