Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 23E
The water clouds believed to be present on Jupiter and Saturn exist at temperatures and pressures similar to those in the clouds of the terrestrial atmosphere. What would it be like to visit such a location on Jupiter or Saturn? In what ways would the environment differ from that in the clouds of Earth?
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Planetary scientists are excited about the possibility that some of the moons in the outer solar system might have a global subsurface ocean of liquid water.
It's uncertain whether or not Jupiter's moon Callisto has a subsurface ocean, but some scientists think it might.
Let's imagine that a short distance below the surface, Callisto has a water layer 20,000 meters thick. Callisto has a radius of 2.410x106 meters.
Earth has a radius of 6.378x106 meters, and its oceans are equivalent to a layer of water 3000 meters thick all over the surface of the planet.
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the Earth’s amount of liquid water with this estimate of the amount of water Callisto might have?
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If this scenario is correct, Earth and Callisto have roughly the same amount of liquid water.
If these scientists are right, Callisto has about one-sixth as much liquid water as the Earth does.
If these scientists are right, Callisto has about 11 times as…
What allows moons of Jupiter and Saturn to have liquid interiors?
Chapter 11 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 11 - What are the main challenges involved in sending...Ch. 11 - Why is it difficult to drop a probe like Galileo?...Ch. 11 - Explain why visual observation of the gas giants...Ch. 11 - What are the seasons like on Jupiter?Ch. 11 - What is the consequence of Uranus’ spin axis being...Ch. 11 - Describe the seasons on the planet Uranus.Ch. 11 - At the pressures in Jupiter’s interior, describe...Ch. 11 - Which of the gas giants has the largest icy/rocky...Ch. 11 - In the context of the giant planets and the...Ch. 11 - What is the primary source of Jupiter’s internal...
Ch. 11 - Describe the interior heat source of Saturn.Ch. 11 - Which planet has the strongest magnetic field, and...Ch. 11 - What are the visible clouds on the four giant...Ch. 11 - Compare the atmospheric circulation (weather) of...Ch. 11 - What are the main atmospheric heat sources of each...Ch. 11 - Why do the upper levels of Neptune’s atmosphere...Ch. 11 - How do storms on Jupiter differ from storm systems...Ch. 11 - Describe the differences in the chemical makeup of...Ch. 11 - How did the giant planets grow to be so large?Ch. 11 - Jupiter is denser than water, yet composed for the...Ch. 11 - Would you expect to find free oxygen gas in the...Ch. 11 - Why would a tourist brochure (of the future)...Ch. 11 - The water clouds believed to be present on Jupiter...Ch. 11 - Describe the different processes that lead to...Ch. 11 - Research the Galileo mission. What technical...Ch. 11 - How many times more pressure exists in the...Ch. 11 - Calculate the wind speed at the edge of Neptune’s...Ch. 11 - Calculate how many Earths would fit into the...Ch. 11 - As the Voyager spacecraft penetrated into the...Ch. 11 - The ions in the inner parts of Jupiter’s...
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- The fraction of the energy flux received which is reflected into space is the albedo of Venus, av, which is about 0.76. The fraction of the energy flux which is absorbed is then (1-av) = 1. - 0.76 = 0.24. So the amount of energy actually absorbed by Venus in each second is Lv = (1-av)Ev. Lv = (1-av)Ev = ___________________ ergs/s And next calculate the effective temperature of Venus: Tv4 = (Lv/(4pdv2))/s = Lv/(4spdv2) = __________________ K4 and taking the square root of Tv4 twice in succession we get the effective Temperature Tv: Tv = [Lv/(4spdv2)]0.25 = _________________ K Calculate Venus' emittance assuming that the Venus' actual temperature, Tvr, is 472o C = 745 K: ev = Lv/(4pdv2s Tvr4) = __________________ .arrow_forwardWhat should the interior composition of Titan be if its density is 1.9 g/cm3? How do you know?arrow_forwardReview Figure 21-11. Which molecules can Triton retain in its atmosphere? Figure 21-11 Loss of atmospheric gases. Dots represent the escape velocity and temperature of various Solar System bodies. The lines represent the typical highest velocities of molecules of various masses. The Jovian planets have high escape velocities and can hold onto even the lowest-mass molecules. Mars can hold only the more massive molecules, and the Moon has such a low escape velocity that even massive molecules can escape.arrow_forward
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