
Math instruction:
- Math instructions refer to all output instructions that uses the data of two words or registers and perform the desired function.
- Math instructions are programmed depending on the type of processor used.
- The data manipulation instructions are almost similar to math instructions.
- Math instructions are normally used to perform arithmetic functions on the values stored in memory words or registers.
Math functions:
The basic math functions performed by PLCs are as follows:
- Addition
- This function is used to add one piece of data to another.
- It is also called as ADD.
- Subtraction
- This function is used to subtract one piece of data from another.
- It is also called as SUB.
- Multiplication
- This function is used to multiply one piece of data by another.
- It is also called as MUL.
- Division
- This function is used to divide one piece of data from another.
- It is also called as DIV.
Terms used:
The following terms are used in the instruction.
- Source A
- Source A refers to the address of the first piece of data that is used in the instruction.
- Source B:
- Source B refers to the address of the second piece of data that is used in the instruction.
- Destination
- Destination refers to the address where the results of the instruction are stored.
Given:
- In the given figure, the instruction ADD is executed to add the values accumulated at “C5:0” and “C5:1” and the result will be stored at the address “N7:1”.
- The instruction GREATER THAN OR EQUAL (GEQ) is executed to activate the PL1 output.
- Here, the instruction will become true when the value accumulated at the address “N7:1” is greater than or equal to the constant value “350”.
Explanation of Solution
b.
Status of output PL1:
“No”, the output PL1 will not be energized when the accumulated value of counter “C5:0” and “C5:1” is “148” and “36” respectively.
Reason:
- The accumulated value of counter “C5:0” is “148” and the accumulated value of counter “C5:1” is “36”...
Explanation of Solution
c.
Value of the numbers stored:
Assume that the accumulated value of counter “C5:0” is “250” and the accumulated value of counter “C5:1” is “175”.
(1)
Value stored in “C5:0.ACC”:
Since, the given program stores the accumulated value of counter addressed at “C5:0”, the “C5:0.ACC” contains the value of the number “250”.
(2)
Value stored in “C5:1.ACC”:
Since, the given program stores the accumulated value of counter addressed at “C5:1”, the “C5:1.ACC”contains the value of the number “175”...
Explanation of Solution
d.
Status of output PL1:
“Yes”, the output PL1 will get energized when the accumulated value of counter “C5:0” and “C5:1” is “175” and “250” respectively.
Reason:
- The accumulated value of counter “C5:0” is “250” and the accumulated value of counter “C5:1” is “175”...

Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter 11 Solutions
Activities Manual for Programmable Logic Controllers
- I'm reposting my question again please make sure to avoid any copy paste from the previous answer because those answer did not satisfy or responded to the need that's why I'm asking again The knowledge distillation part is not very clear in the diagram. Please create two new diagrams by separating the two student models: First Diagram (Student A - Missing Values): Clearly illustrate the student training process. Show how knowledge distillation happens between the teacher and Student A. Explain what the teacher teaches Student A (e.g., handling missing values) and how this teaching occurs (e.g., through logits, features, or attention). Second Diagram (Student B - Missing Labels): Similarly, detail the training process for Student B. Clarify how knowledge distillation works between the teacher and Student B. Specify what the teacher teaches Student B (e.g., dealing with missing labels) and how the knowledge is transferred. Since these are two distinct challenges…arrow_forwardThe knowledge distillation part is not very clear in the diagram. Please create two new diagrams by separating the two student models: First Diagram (Student A - Missing Values): Clearly illustrate the student training process. Show how knowledge distillation happens between the teacher and Student A. Explain what the teacher teaches Student A (e.g., handling missing values) and how this teaching occurs (e.g., through logits, features, or attention). Second Diagram (Student B - Missing Labels): Similarly, detail the training process for Student B. Clarify how knowledge distillation works between the teacher and Student B. Specify what the teacher teaches Student B (e.g., dealing with missing labels) and how the knowledge is transferred. Since these are two distinct challenges (missing values vs. missing labels), they should not be combined in the same diagram. Instead, create two separate diagrams for clarity. For reference, I will attach a second image…arrow_forwardNote : please avoid using AI answer the question by carefully reading it and provide a clear and concise solutionHere is a clear background and explanation of the full method, including what each part is doing and why. Background & Motivation Missing values: Some input features (sensor channels) are missing for some samples due to sensor failure or corruption. Missing labels: Not all samples have a ground-truth RUL value. For example, data collected during normal operation is often unlabeled. Most traditional deep learning models require complete data and full labels. But in our case, both are incomplete. If we try to train a model directly, it will either fail to learn properly or discard valuable data. What We Are Doing: Overview We solve this using a Teacher–Student knowledge distillation framework: We train a Teacher model on a clean and complete dataset where both inputs and labels are available. We then use that Teacher to teach two separate Student models: Student A learns…arrow_forward
- Here is a clear background and explanation of the full method, including what each part is doing and why. Background & Motivation Missing values: Some input features (sensor channels) are missing for some samples due to sensor failure or corruption. Missing labels: Not all samples have a ground-truth RUL value. For example, data collected during normal operation is often unlabeled. Most traditional deep learning models require complete data and full labels. But in our case, both are incomplete. If we try to train a model directly, it will either fail to learn properly or discard valuable data. What We Are Doing: Overview We solve this using a Teacher–Student knowledge distillation framework: We train a Teacher model on a clean and complete dataset where both inputs and labels are available. We then use that Teacher to teach two separate Student models: Student A learns from incomplete input (some sensor values missing). Student B learns from incomplete labels (RUL labels missing…arrow_forwardhere is a diagram code : graph LR subgraph Inputs [Inputs] A[Input C (Complete Data)] --> TeacherModel B[Input M (Missing Data)] --> StudentA A --> StudentB end subgraph TeacherModel [Teacher Model (Pretrained)] C[Transformer Encoder T] --> D{Teacher Prediction y_t} C --> E[Internal Features f_t] end subgraph StudentA [Student Model A (Trainable - Handles Missing Input)] F[Transformer Encoder S_A] --> G{Student A Prediction y_s^A} B --> F end subgraph StudentB [Student Model B (Trainable - Handles Missing Labels)] H[Transformer Encoder S_B] --> I{Student B Prediction y_s^B} A --> H end subgraph GroundTruth [Ground Truth RUL (Partial Labels)] J[RUL Labels] end subgraph KnowledgeDistillationA [Knowledge Distillation Block for Student A] K[Prediction Distillation Loss (y_s^A vs y_t)] L[Feature Alignment Loss (f_s^A vs f_t)] D -- Prediction Guidance --> K E -- Feature Guidance --> L G --> K F --> L J -- Supervised Guidance (if available) --> G K…arrow_forwarddetails explanation and background We solve this using a Teacher–Student knowledge distillation framework: We train a Teacher model on a clean and complete dataset where both inputs and labels are available. We then use that Teacher to teach two separate Student models: Student A learns from incomplete input (some sensor values missing). Student B learns from incomplete labels (RUL labels missing for some samples). We use knowledge distillation to guide both students, even when labels are missing. Why We Use Two Students Student A handles Missing Input Features: It receives input with some features masked out. Since it cannot see the full input, we help it by transferring internal features (feature distillation) and predictions from the teacher. Student B handles Missing RUL Labels: It receives full input but does not always have a ground-truth RUL label. We guide it using the predictions of the teacher model (prediction distillation). Using two students allows each to specialize in…arrow_forward
- We are doing a custom JSTL custom tag to make display page to access a tag handler. Write two custom tags: 1) A single tag which prints a number (from 0-99) as words. Ex: <abc:numAsWords val="32"/> --> produces: thirty-two 2) A paired tag which puts the body in a DIV with our team colors. Ex: <abc:teamColors school="gophers" reverse="true"> <p>Big game today</p> <p>Bring your lucky hat</p> <-- these will be green text on blue background </abc:teamColors> Details: The attribute for numAsWords will be just val, from 0 to 99 - spelling, etc... isn't important here. Print "twenty-six" or "Twenty six" ... . Attributes for teamColors are: school, a "required" string, and reversed, a non-required boolean. - pick any four schools. I picked gophers, cyclones, hawkeyes and cornhuskers - each school has two colors. Pick whatever seems best. For oine I picked "cyclones" and red text on a gold body - if…arrow_forwardI want a database on MySQL to analyze blood disease analyses with a selection of all its commands, with an ER drawing, and a complete chart for normalization. I want them completely.arrow_forwardAssignment Instructions: You are tasked with developing a program to use city data from an online database and generate a city details report. 1) Create a new Project in Eclipse called "HW7". 2) Create a class "City.java" in the project and implement the UML diagram shown below and add comments to your program. 3) The logic for the method "getCityCategory" of City Class is below: a. If the population of a city is greater than 10000000, then the method returns "MEGA" b. If the population of a city is greater than 1000000 and less than 10000000, then the method returns "LARGE" c. If the population of a city is greater than 100000 and less than 1000000, then the method returns "MEDIUM" d. If the population of a city is below 100000, then the method returns "SMALL" 4) You should create another new Java program inside the project. Name the program as "xxxx_program.java”, where xxxx is your Kean username. 3) Implement the following methods inside the xxxx_program program The main method…arrow_forward
- CPS 2231 - Computer Programming – Spring 2025 City Report Application - Due Date: Concepts: Classes and Objects, Reading from a file and generating report Point value: 40 points. The purpose of this project is to give students exposure to object-oriented design and programming using classes in a realistic application that involves arrays of objects and generating reports. Assignment Instructions: You are tasked with developing a program to use city data from an online database and generate a city details report. 1) Create a new Project in Eclipse called "HW7”. 2) Create a class "City.java" in the project and implement the UML diagram shown below and add comments to your program. 3) The logic for the method "getCityCategory" of City Class is below: a. If the population of a city is greater than 10000000, then the method returns "MEGA" b. If the population of a city is greater than 1000000 and less than 10000000, then the method returns "LARGE" c. If the population of a city is greater…arrow_forwardPlease calculate the average best-case IPC attainable on this code with a 2-wide, in-order, superscalar machine: ADD X1, X2, X3 SUB X3, X1, 0x100 ORR X9, X10, X11 ADD X11, X3, X2 SUB X9, X1, X3 ADD X1, X2, X3 AND X3, X1, X9 ORR X1, X11, X9 SUB X13, X14, X15 ADD X16, X13, X14arrow_forwardOutline the overall steps for configuring and securing Linux servers Consider and describe how a mixed Operating System environment will affect what you have to do to protect the company assets Describe at least three technologies that will help to protect CIA of data on Linux systemsarrow_forward
- Systems ArchitectureComputer ScienceISBN:9781305080195Author:Stephen D. BurdPublisher:Cengage LearningEBK JAVA PROGRAMMINGComputer ScienceISBN:9781337671385Author:FARRELLPublisher:CENGAGE LEARNING - CONSIGNMENTPrinciples of Information Systems (MindTap Course...Computer ScienceISBN:9781285867168Author:Ralph Stair, George ReynoldsPublisher:Cengage Learning
- COMPREHENSIVE MICROSOFT OFFICE 365 EXCEComputer ScienceISBN:9780357392676Author:FREUND, StevenPublisher:CENGAGE LC++ for Engineers and ScientistsComputer ScienceISBN:9781133187844Author:Bronson, Gary J.Publisher:Course Technology PtrEnhanced Discovering Computers 2017 (Shelly Cashm...Computer ScienceISBN:9781305657458Author:Misty E. Vermaat, Susan L. Sebok, Steven M. Freund, Mark Frydenberg, Jennifer T. CampbellPublisher:Cengage Learning




