The types of drugs which have helped to reduce the death rate due to tuberculosis and the reason they have become less effective. Introduction: Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium Tuberculosis which affects the lungs. Antibiotics are the drugs that kill microbes including the bacteria. Antibiotics are effective in controlling infections through the immune system.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 1LTB

Summary Introduction

To write:

The types of drugs which have helped to reduce the death rate due to tuberculosis and the reason they have become less effective.

Introduction:

Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium Tuberculosis which affects the lungs. Antibiotics are the drugs that kill microbes including the bacteria. Antibiotics are effective in controlling infections through the immune system.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The discovery of antibiotics which are drugs killing the microbes including bacteria revolutionized the treatment of tuberculosis. After scientists began using drugs for tuberculosis, some individuals became ill again after successful treatment. The two characteristics of early treatment strategies for tuberculosis that developed drug resistance were using drugs for a short duration and a single type of antibiotic at a time for the treatment of tuberculosis patients.

In order to determine drug resistance, it is required to maintain the drug therapy for months until the signs of bacterial infections are clear, and usage of combination drug therapy i.e., use of multiple drugs on active infections to avoid the selection of variants which already exist in the population.

Conclusion

Thus, discovery of the antibiotics revolutionized the treatment of tuberculosis. The two characteristics of early treatment strategies for tuberculosis that developed drug resistance were using drugs for a short duration and a single type of antibiotic at a time for treatment of tuberculosis patients.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine: (a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip MAKE SURE ANSWERS HAVE UNITS if appropriate. SHOW ALL WORK, including equation used, variables used and each step to your solution.

2. Drug quantification from plasma is commonly performed by using techniques such as HPLC or LC/MS. However, these methods do have limitations, and investigators may choose to use a radiolabeled analog of a drug instead. Radioligands are molecules that contain radioactive isotopes, commonly 3H or 14C. This technique allows investigators to quantify drug concentration from radiation measurements. The following measurements were made in 250 g rats following oral administration of 18.2 µCi of a 14C-labeled drug of interest: Time (min) Plasma Radiation Levels (µCi/L) 0 0.0 2 9.7 4 19.2 7 25.3 9 37.8 12 39.6 14 45.8 17 48.8 20 52.0 25 56.4 30 59.2 35 60.1 40 61.1 45 62.1 50 62.8 60 63.1 70 62.1 80 60.1 90 57.3 100 55.5 110 53.7 120 52.2 150 48.0 180 45.0 240 39.0 Note that a µCi is a measure of the amount of radioactivity and hence is a measure of the amount of drug present. Given that the oral bioavailability of this drug is known to be essentially 100%, estimate the following from this…

The current nutrition labelling regulation in Hong Kong requires food manufacturer to list E+7 information on the package of pre-packaged food products. Do you think that more nutrients, such as calcium and cholesterol, shall be included?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 1LTB

Summary Introduction

To write:

The types of drugs which have helped to reduce the death rate due to tuberculosis and the reason they have become less effective.

Introduction:

Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium Tuberculosis which affects the lungs. Antibiotics are the drugs that kill microbes including the bacteria. Antibiotics are effective in controlling infections through the immune system.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The discovery of antibiotics which are drugs killing the microbes including bacteria revolutionized the treatment of tuberculosis. After scientists began using drugs for tuberculosis, some individuals became ill again after successful treatment. The two characteristics of early treatment strategies for tuberculosis that developed drug resistance were using drugs for a short duration and a single type of antibiotic at a time for the treatment of tuberculosis patients.

In order to determine drug resistance, it is required to maintain the drug therapy for months until the signs of bacterial infections are clear, and usage of combination drug therapy i.e., use of multiple drugs on active infections to avoid the selection of variants which already exist in the population.

Conclusion

Thus, discovery of the antibiotics revolutionized the treatment of tuberculosis. The two characteristics of early treatment strategies for tuberculosis that developed drug resistance were using drugs for a short duration and a single type of antibiotic at a time for treatment of tuberculosis patients.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 1LTB

Summary Introduction

To write:

The types of drugs which have helped to reduce the death rate due to tuberculosis and the reason they have become less effective.

Introduction:

Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium Tuberculosis which affects the lungs. Antibiotics are the drugs that kill microbes including the bacteria. Antibiotics are effective in controlling infections through the immune system.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The discovery of antibiotics which are drugs killing the microbes including bacteria revolutionized the treatment of tuberculosis. After scientists began using drugs for tuberculosis, some individuals became ill again after successful treatment. The two characteristics of early treatment strategies for tuberculosis that developed drug resistance were using drugs for a short duration and a single type of antibiotic at a time for the treatment of tuberculosis patients.

In order to determine drug resistance, it is required to maintain the drug therapy for months until the signs of bacterial infections are clear, and usage of combination drug therapy i.e., use of multiple drugs on active infections to avoid the selection of variants which already exist in the population.

Conclusion

Thus, discovery of the antibiotics revolutionized the treatment of tuberculosis. The two characteristics of early treatment strategies for tuberculosis that developed drug resistance were using drugs for a short duration and a single type of antibiotic at a time for treatment of tuberculosis patients.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 1LTB

Summary Introduction

To write:

The types of drugs which have helped to reduce the death rate due to tuberculosis and the reason they have become less effective.

Introduction:

Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium Tuberculosis which affects the lungs. Antibiotics are the drugs that kill microbes including the bacteria. Antibiotics are effective in controlling infections through the immune system.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The discovery of antibiotics which are drugs killing the microbes including bacteria revolutionized the treatment of tuberculosis. After scientists began using drugs for tuberculosis, some individuals became ill again after successful treatment. The two characteristics of early treatment strategies for tuberculosis that developed drug resistance were using drugs for a short duration and a single type of antibiotic at a time for the treatment of tuberculosis patients.

In order to determine drug resistance, it is required to maintain the drug therapy for months until the signs of bacterial infections are clear, and usage of combination drug therapy i.e., use of multiple drugs on active infections to avoid the selection of variants which already exist in the population.

Conclusion

Thus, discovery of the antibiotics revolutionized the treatment of tuberculosis. The two characteristics of early treatment strategies for tuberculosis that developed drug resistance were using drugs for a short duration and a single type of antibiotic at a time for treatment of tuberculosis patients.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 11, Problem 1LTB

Summary Introduction

To write:

The types of drugs which have helped to reduce the death rate due to tuberculosis and the reason they have become less effective.

Introduction:

Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium Tuberculosis which affects the lungs. Antibiotics are the drugs that kill microbes including the bacteria. Antibiotics are effective in controlling infections through the immune system.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The discovery of antibiotics which are drugs killing the microbes including bacteria revolutionized the treatment of tuberculosis. After scientists began using drugs for tuberculosis, some individuals became ill again after successful treatment. The two characteristics of early treatment strategies for tuberculosis that developed drug resistance were using drugs for a short duration and a single type of antibiotic at a time for the treatment of tuberculosis patients.

In order to determine drug resistance, it is required to maintain the drug therapy for months until the signs of bacterial infections are clear, and usage of combination drug therapy i.e., use of multiple drugs on active infections to avoid the selection of variants which already exist in the population.

Conclusion

Thus, discovery of the antibiotics revolutionized the treatment of tuberculosis. The two characteristics of early treatment strategies for tuberculosis that developed drug resistance were using drugs for a short duration and a single type of antibiotic at a time for treatment of tuberculosis patients.

Answer 6

Chapter 11, Problem 1LTB

Summary Introduction

To write:

The types of drugs which have helped to reduce the death rate due to tuberculosis and the reason they have become less effective.

Introduction:

Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium Tuberculosis which affects the lungs. Antibiotics are the drugs that kill microbes including the bacteria. Antibiotics are effective in controlling infections through the immune system.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The discovery of antibiotics which are drugs killing the microbes including bacteria revolutionized the treatment of tuberculosis. After scientists began using drugs for tuberculosis, some individuals became ill again after successful treatment. The two characteristics of early treatment strategies for tuberculosis that developed drug resistance were using drugs for a short duration and a single type of antibiotic at a time for the treatment of tuberculosis patients.

In order to determine drug resistance, it is required to maintain the drug therapy for months until the signs of bacterial infections are clear, and usage of combination drug therapy i.e., use of multiple drugs on active infections to avoid the selection of variants which already exist in the population.

Conclusion

Thus, discovery of the antibiotics revolutionized the treatment of tuberculosis. The two characteristics of early treatment strategies for tuberculosis that developed drug resistance were using drugs for a short duration and a single type of antibiotic at a time for treatment of tuberculosis patients.

Answer 7

Chapter 11, Problem 1LTB

Summary Introduction

To write:

The types of drugs which have helped to reduce the death rate due to tuberculosis and the reason they have become less effective.

Introduction:

Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium Tuberculosis which affects the lungs. Antibiotics are the drugs that kill microbes including the bacteria. Antibiotics are effective in controlling infections through the immune system.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The discovery of antibiotics which are drugs killing the microbes including bacteria revolutionized the treatment of tuberculosis. After scientists began using drugs for tuberculosis, some individuals became ill again after successful treatment. The two characteristics of early treatment strategies for tuberculosis that developed drug resistance were using drugs for a short duration and a single type of antibiotic at a time for the treatment of tuberculosis patients.

In order to determine drug resistance, it is required to maintain the drug therapy for months until the signs of bacterial infections are clear, and usage of combination drug therapy i.e., use of multiple drugs on active infections to avoid the selection of variants which already exist in the population.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Conclusion

Thus, discovery of the antibiotics revolutionized the treatment of tuberculosis. The two characteristics of early treatment strategies for tuberculosis that developed drug resistance were using drugs for a short duration and a single type of antibiotic at a time for treatment of tuberculosis patients.

Answer 12

Ch. 11 - Prob. 1LTB Ch. 11 - Prob. 2LTB Ch. 11 - Prob. 3LTB Ch. 11 - Prob. 4LTB Ch. 11 - Prob. 5LTB Ch. 11 - Prob. 6LTB Ch. 11 - The heritable differences among organisms are a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 8LTB Ch. 11 - Prob. 9LTB Ch. 11 - Prob. 10LTB

Videos

Explanation of Solution

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Chapter 11 Solutions