Concept explainers
Videos
Complete the following concept map to test your knowledge of gene regulation.
To complete: The given map showing a process of gene regulation.
Introduction: Gene regulation is a process where the expression of genes are controlled for the synthesis of specified gene products (usually RNA or proteins).
Answer to Problem 1CC
Pictorial representation: Figure 1 shows the completed map of the gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Fig. 1: Gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Explanation of Solution
(a)
Correct answer: Proto-oncogenes.
Explanation: Proto-oncogenes are the common genes which are transformed into oncogenes (malignant genes) during mutation. These mutations can lead to indefinite proliferation of cells.
(b)
Correct answer: Repressor or activator.
Explanation: They are the molecules which regulates the transcription. Activators are transcription factors that activate or boost a gene to express and the repressors are the molecules that stop the expression of a gene.
(c)
Correct answer: Cancer.
Explanation: Cancer is a diseased condition where the normal cells get converted to abnormal cells through undifferentiated and uncontrolled growth.
(d)
Correct answer: Operator.
Explanation: Operator is a part of the operons which regulates the binding of a repressor molecule to it. The transcription is stopped when the repressor binds to the operator, thereby it blocks the further binding of RNA polymerase to initiate the transcription.
(e)
Correct answer: X-inactivation.
Explanation: The process of inactivation of single copy of X chromosomes in female mammals is called as X-inactivation.
(f)
Correct answer: Transcription factors.
Explanation: The proteins that are associated with the transcription of DNA to mRNA are called as transcription.
(g)
Correct answer: Alternative RNA splicing.
Explanation: Alternative splicing (differential splicing) is the process of regulation during a gene expression to produce a single gene which can code for different proteins. Final product of alternative splicing will be a processed mRNA.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 11 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (8th Edition)
- Put the following processes in order of their occurrence during expression of a eukaryotic gene: a. mRNA processing c. transcription b. translation d. RNA leaves nucleusarrow_forwardI need an example to study for an testarrow_forwardDiscuss any 1 gene regulation mechanism. Describe the gene expression in this type of gene regulation. Use 3-4 sentences only.arrow_forward
- Given the following schematic for a gene and its associated regulatory regions, answer the following questions by placing the correct letter in the provided blanks please put in the correct letter for the questions What region would provide cell type-specific expression of genes? region What site would significantly increase gene expression rates? = region What region or regions of this gene’s coding sequence are expressed as amino acids = regionarrow_forwardThe figure below represents a cell undergoing gene expression. Use the figure to answer the questions that follow (a - e). a. What is indicated by label (2) in the figure above? b. What is indicated by label (3) in the figure above? c. What happens to the part labelled (3) and what complex makes it happen? d. Which amino acid is represented by (6)? e. Give the one anticodon in the 5' to 3' direction that will recognize all the codons for this amino acid in (c)arrow_forwardPlease consider the figure below. a. Give the name of the process illustrated in the figure. b. If this is part of the elongation stage, explain what is going to happen next. Use the labels, A, B and/or C to answer the question. c. What type of enzyme is involved in the process described in (b)? d. What terminus of the protein is represented by label A?arrow_forward
- Match the following with what organelle (one per blank) it is designated to go (letters can be used once, twice or not all): A. Lysosome B. Golgi body C. Endoplasmic reticulum mRNA transcript has a KDEL (amino acid code). protein is N- glycosylated protein has a mannose-6-phosphate sugar D. Nucleus MRNA a transcript has a long string of hydrophobic amino acids E. Peroxisome MRNA transcript encodes for a string of basic amino acidsarrow_forwardDescribe regulatory mechanisms for each of the following levels. Give at least on example for each level: (1) DNA, (2) transcription, (3) translation, and (4) post-translationarrow_forwardCreate a Venn diagram to compare and contrast the process of gene expression in Bacteria versus eukaryotes. Remember that “gene expression” can include any part of transcription or translation. Try to be as thorough as you can about what aspects of this process are similar between the two taxa, and what characteristics are distinct to only Bacteria or eukaryotes. Plase include a minimum of 15 items in the Venn diagram.arrow_forward
- Define both transcription and translation. In addition, describe the role(s) of each of the following in the processes of gene expression and protein synthesis: DNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, ribosome(s), RNA polymerase, codon, anticodon, amino acid(s) and polypeptide(s). Be detailed in your answer.arrow_forwardPlease use Transferrin receptor as an example of the protein whose pathway is being traced. If it is easier or possible, can there be a labeled drawing to explain.arrow_forwardA gene in a eukaryotic cell is not being expressed but there is no mutation in its DNA sequence. In your own words using complete sentences give a plausible explanation as to why the gene is not being expressed using one of the concepts discussed in class. You must fully explain what is happening to cause the gene not to be expressed. You will be graded on grammar, content and thoroughness of your answer.arrow_forward
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning