Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The approximate vapor pressure curve for
Concept Introduction: Vapor pressure is nothing but the pressure of a vapor in contact with its liquid or solid form.
When a liquid and vapor are in equilibrium the pressure exerted by the vapor is called the equilibrium vapor pressure.
If intermolecular force is small the vapor pressure of the substance is high and the boiling point will be low.
(b)
Interpretation: From the vapor pressure curve for
Concept Introduction:
Intermolecular force: The attractive force that withholds two molecules is called as intermolecular force. The influence of intermolecular forces depends on molar mass and the
Dipole-Dipole Interactions: The attractive force that holds two polar molecules with help of dipole moment present in them is called as Dipole-Dipole Interactions.
The partial positive charge end of one molecule is attracted to the partial negative charge of a neighboring molecule.
Induced Dipole - Induced Dipole Forces: The attractive force that holds two nonpolar molecules with help of temporary dipole moment present in them is called as induced dipole-induced dipole forces.
(c)
Interpretation: The normal boiling point of
Concept Introduction:
Boiling point: It is the temperature at which liquid converts to vapor. At boiling point the vapor pressure of liquid and the pressure of the surroundings are equal.
(d)
Interpretation: The temperature at which
Concept Introduction:
Vapor pressure is nothing but the pressure of a vapor in contact with its liquid or solid form.
When a liquid and vapor are in equilibrium the pressure exerted by the vapor is called the equilibrium vapor pressure.
(e)
Interpretation: The temperature at which
Concept Introduction:
Vapor pressure is nothing but the pressure of a vapor in contact with its liquid or solid form.
When a liquid and vapor are in equilibrium the pressure exerted by the vapor is called the equilibrium vapor pressure.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Hybrid Edition (with OWLv2 24-Months Printed Access Card)
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- Define critical temperature and critical pressure. In terms of the kinetic molecular theory, why is it impossible for a substance to exist as a liquid above its critical temperature?arrow_forwardA 1.50-g sample of methanol (CH3OH) is placed in an evacuated 1.00-L container at 30 C. (a) Calculate the pressure in the container if all of the methanol is vaporized. (Assume the ideal gas law, PV = nRT.) (b) The vapor pressure of methanol at 30 C is 158 torr. What mass of methanol actually evaporates? Is liquid in equilibrium with vapor in the vessel?arrow_forwardp-Dichlorobenzene, C6H4Cl2, can be one of the ingredients in mothballs. Its vapor pressure at 20C is 0.40 mm Hg. (a) How many milligrams of C6H4Cl2 will sublime into an evacuated 750-mL flask at 20C? (b) If 5.0 mg of p-dichlorobenzene were put into an evacuated 750-mL flask, how many milligrams would remain in the solid phase? (c) What is the final pressure in an evacuated 500-mL flask at 20C that contains 2.00 mg of p-dichlorobenzene? Will there be any solid in the flask?arrow_forward
- What is the enthalpy change when a 1.00-kg block of dry ice, CO2(s), sublimes at 78 C? The enthalpy of sublimation of CO2(s) is 26.9 kJ/mol. Is this process exothermic or endothermic?arrow_forwardSilane SiH4, phosphine (PH3), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) melt at 185 C, 133 C, and 85 C, respectively. What does this suggest about the polar character and intermolecular attractions of the three compounds?arrow_forward8.87 Use the vapor pressure curves illustrated here to answer the questions that follow. (a) What is the vapor pressure of ethanol (C2H5OH) at 60°C? (b) Considering only carbon disulfide (CS2) and ethanol, which has the stranger intermolecular forces in the liquid state? (c) At what temperature does heptane (C7H16) have a vapor pressure of 500 mm Hg? (d) What are the approximate normal boiling pains of each of the three substances? (e) At a pressure of 400 mm Hg and a temperature of 70°C, is each substance a liquid, a gas, or a mixture of liquid and gas?arrow_forward
- Arrange the following substances in order of increasing strength of crystal forces: CO2, KCl, H2O, N2, CaO.arrow_forwardA solution of benzoic acid in benzene has a freezing point of 3.1 C and a boiling point of 82.6 C. (The freezing point of pure benzene is 5.50 C, and its boiling point is 80.1 C) The structure of benzoic acid is Benzoic acid, C6H5CO2H What can you conclude about the state of the benzoic acid molecules at the two different temperatures? Recall the discussion of hydrogen bonding in Section 11.3.arrow_forwardPredict which liquid—glycerol, HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH, or hexane, C6H14—has the greater surface tension. Explain your prediction.arrow_forward
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