Introductory Statistics (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321989178
Author: Neil A. Weiss
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 1.1, Problem 19E
In Exercises 1.17–1.22, state whether the investigation in question is an observational study or a designed experiment. Justify your answer in each case.
Sex, Sleep, and PTSD. In the article, “One’s Sex, Sleep, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder” (Biology of Sex Differences, Vol. 3, No. 29, pp. 1–7), I. Kobayashi et al. study the relationship between one’s sex, sleep patterns, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after trauma exposure. The authors report that women have a higher lifetime prevalence of PTSD as well as a greater risk of developing PTSD following trauma exposure. Relationships between sleep and physical health have been documented in a number of studies, and the authors explore the possibility that disruptive sleep habits are common among people with PTSD and also a possible risk factor for the development of PTSD. A questionnaire of men and women with and without PTSD produced data on their sleep habits.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
In Exercises, we present descriptions of designed experiments. In each case, identify the
a.experimental units.b.response variable.c.factor(s).d.levels of each factor.e.treatments.
The Lion’sMane. In a study by P. M.West titled “The Lion’s Mane” (American Scientist, Vol. 93, No. 3, pp. 226–236), the effects of the mane of a male lion as a signal of quality to mates and rivals was explored. Four life-sized dummies of male lions provided a tool for testing female response to the unfamiliar lions whose manes varied by length (long or short) andcolor (blonde or dark). The female lions were observed to see whether they approached each of the four life-sized dummies.
Car Window Skin Cancer? A study suggests that exposure to UV rays through the car
window may increase the risk of skin cancer. The study reviewed the records of all 1050 skin
cancer patients referred to the St. Louis University Cancer Center in 2004. Of the 42 patients
with melanoma, the cancer occurred on the left side of the body in 31 patients and on the
right side in the other 11.
A. Is this an experiment or an observational study?
B. Of the patients with melanoma, what proportion had the cancer on the left side?
Show what numbers you divide and give answer to 3 decimal places.
C. A bootstrap 95% confidence interval for the proportion of melanomas occurring on the
left is 0.579 to 0.861. Clearly interpret the confidence interval in the context of the
problem.
D. Suppose the question of interest is whether melanomas are more likely to occur on the
left side than on the right. That is, are over 50% of melanomas on the left side?
Ho: p = 0.5
Ha: p > 0.5
Use the confidence interval…
Do sports drinks help prevent cramps in endurance sports? At the end of a marathon, officials will ask runners if they drank water or a sports drink during the race, along with whether or not they suffered any cramps. Is this an observational study or experiment?
Chapter 1 Solutions
Introductory Statistics (10th Edition)
Ch. 1.1 - Define the following terms: a. Population b....Ch. 1.1 - What are the two major types of statistics?...Ch. 1.1 - Identify some methods used in descriptive...Ch. 1.1 - Explain two ways in which descriptive statistics...Ch. 1.1 - Define the following terms: a. Observational study...Ch. 1.1 - Fill in the following blank: Observational studies...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1.71.12, classify each of the studies...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1.71.12, classify each of the studies...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1.71.12, classify each of the studies...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1.71.12, classify each of the studies...
Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1.71.12, classify each of the studies...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1.71.12, classify each of the studies...Ch. 1.1 - Thoughts on Evolution. In an article titled Who...Ch. 1.1 - Big-Banks Break-up. A nationwide survey of 1000...Ch. 1.1 - Genocide. The document American Attitudes about...Ch. 1.1 - Vasectomies and Prostate Cancer. Refer to the...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1.171.22, state whether the...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1.171.22, state whether the...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1.171.22, state whether the...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1.171.22, state whether the...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1.171.22, state whether the...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1.171.22, state whether the...Ch. 1.1 - Ballistic Fingerprinting. In an on-line press...Ch. 1.1 - Causes of Death. The National Center for Health...Ch. 1.1 - Medical Testing on Animals. In its Summer 2013...Ch. 1.1 - Lobbying Congress. In the special report, Bitter...Ch. 1.2 - Explain why a census is often not the best way to...Ch. 1.2 - Identify two statistical methods other than a...Ch. 1.2 - In sampling, explain why obtaining a...Ch. 1.2 - Provide a scenario of your own in which a sample...Ch. 1.2 - Regarding probability sampling: a. What is it? b....Ch. 1.2 - Regarding simple random sampling: a. What is...Ch. 1.2 - The inferential procedures discussed in this book...Ch. 1.2 - Identify two methods for obtaining a simple random...Ch. 1.2 - What is the acronym used for simple random...Ch. 1.2 - The members of a population are numbered 15. a....Ch. 1.2 - The members of a population are numbered 14. a....Ch. 1.2 - The members of a population are numbered 190. a....Ch. 1.2 - The members of a population are numbered 150. a....Ch. 1.2 - Memorial Day Poll. In the year 2000, an on-line...Ch. 1.2 - Estimating Median Income. Explain why a sample of...Ch. 1.2 - Oklahoma State Officials. The five top Oklahoma...Ch. 1.2 - Oklahoma State Officials. The five top Oklahoma...Ch. 1.2 - Best-Selling Albums. The Recording Industry...Ch. 1.2 - Best-Selling Albums. Refer to Exercise 1.44. a....Ch. 1.2 - Best-Selling Albums. Refer to Exercise 1.44. a....Ch. 1.2 - Social Networking Websites. From Wikipedia.com, we...Ch. 1.2 - Keno. In the game of keno, 20 balls are selected...Ch. 1.2 - The International 500. Each year, Fortune Magazine...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 50ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 51ECh. 1.2 - Undercoverage. Oftentimes, an accurate and...Ch. 1.2 - Nonresponse. When responses are not obtained from...Ch. 1.2 - Response bias. When the behavior of the...Ch. 1.3 - In each of Exercises 1.551.58, fill in the...Ch. 1.3 - In each of Exercises 1.551.58, fill in the...Ch. 1.3 - In each of Exercises 1.551.58, fill in the...Ch. 1.3 - In each of Exercises 1.551.58, fill in the...Ch. 1.3 - The members of a population have been numbered...Ch. 1.3 - The members of a population have been numbered...Ch. 1.3 - The members of a population have been numbered...Ch. 1.3 - The members of a population have been numbered...Ch. 1.3 - The members of a population have been numbered...Ch. 1.3 - The members of a population have been numbered...Ch. 1.3 - Ghost of Speciation Past. In the article, Ghost of...Ch. 1.3 - Number of Farms. The National Agricultural...Ch. 1.3 - John F. Kennedy. In one of his books, Ted...Ch. 1.3 - Litigation Surveys. In the article,...Ch. 1.3 - Immunization of Schoolchildren. In the article,...Ch. 1.3 - University Parking Facilities. During one year, a...Ch. 1.3 - The International 500. In Exercise 1.49 on page...Ch. 1.3 - Keno. In the game of keno, 20 balls are selected...Ch. 1.3 - Sampling Dorm Residents. Students in the...Ch. 1.3 - Best High Schools. In an issue of Newsweek (Vol....Ch. 1.3 - U.S. House of Representatives. There are 435...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 76ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 77ECh. 1.3 - In simple random sampling, all samples of a given...Ch. 1.3 - In simple random sampling, it is also true that...Ch. 1.3 - In simple random sampling, it is also true that...Ch. 1.4 - In a designed experiment, a. what are the...Ch. 1.4 - State and explain the significance of the three...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 83ECh. 1.4 - In this section, we discussed two types of...Ch. 1.4 - In a designed experiment, there is one factor with...Ch. 1.4 - In a designed experiment, there is one factor with...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 87ECh. 1.4 - In a designed experiment, there are two factors,...Ch. 1.4 - In a designed experiment, there are two factors....Ch. 1.4 - Adverse Effects of Prozac. Prozac (fluoxetine...Ch. 1.4 - Treating Heart Failure. In the journal article...Ch. 1.4 - In Exercises 1.921.97, we present descriptions of...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 93ECh. 1.4 - In Exercises 1.921.97, we present descriptions of...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 95ECh. 1.4 - In Exercises 1.921.97, we present descriptions of...Ch. 1.4 - In Exercises 1.921.97, we present descriptions of...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 98ECh. 1.4 - Dental Hygiene: Which Toothbrush? In an experiment...Ch. 1.4 - The Salk Vaccine. In Exercise 1.17 on page 8, we...Ch. 1.4 - In sampling from a population, state which type of...Ch. 1 - Almost any inferential study involves aspects of...Ch. 1 - Regarding observational studies and designed...Ch. 1 - Before planning and conducting a study to obtain...Ch. 1 - Explain the meaning of a. a representative sample....Ch. 1 - Which of the following sampling procedures involve...Ch. 1 - Describe each of the following sampling methods...Ch. 1 - Identify and explain the significance of the three...Ch. 1 - Baseball Scores. From ESPN MLB Scoreboard, we...Ch. 1 - Working Lottery Winners. In a national poll taken...Ch. 1 - British Backpacker Tourists. Research by G. Visser...Ch. 1 - Peanut Allergies. In the article Food Allergy...Ch. 1 - Persistent Poverty and IQ. An article appearing in...Ch. 1 - Wasp Hierarchical Status. In an issue of Discover...Ch. 1 - Incomes of College Students Parents. A researcher...Ch. 1 - On-Time Airlines. From the FlightStats On-time...Ch. 1 - Top North American Athletes. As part of ESPNs...Ch. 1 - QuickVote. TalkBack Live, a production of CNN,...Ch. 1 - Leisure Activities and Dementia. An article...Ch. 1 - Hepatitis B and Pancreatic Cancer. The article...Ch. 1 - Top North American Athletes. Refer to Problem 17....Ch. 1 - Water Quality. In the article Randomized...Ch. 1 - Prob. 23RPCh. 1 - Plant Density and Tomato Yield. In Effects of...Ch. 1 - Child-Proof Bottles. Designing medication...Ch. 1 - Prob. 26RPCh. 1 - Comparing Gas Mileages. An experiment is to be...Ch. 1 - The file named Focus.txt in the Focus Database...Ch. 1 - At the beginning of this chapter, we discussed the...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What is an experiment?arrow_forwardWhat is meant by the sample space of an experiment?arrow_forwardIn a study, investigators surveyed individuals by telephone about how often they get tension headaches. One response variable that was measured was whether or not the respondent had experienced an episodic tension-type headache (ETTH) in the prior year. A headache pattern was called "episodic" if the headaches occurred less often than 15 times a month; otherwise, the headaches were called "chronic." Of the 1,660 women in the survey aged 18 to 29, a total of 658 said that they had experienced ETTHs in the last year. Of the 2,172 women in the 30- to 39-year-old age group, the number having experienced episodic headaches was 996. (a) Calculate the proportion who experienced an episodic headache in the prior year in the 18 to 29 group. (Round your answer to four decimal places.) Calculate the proportion who experienced an episodic headache in the prior year in the 30 to 39 group. (Round your answer to four decimal places.) Compute the difference in these two proportions. (Use p18…arrow_forward
- An article describes a study of the health effects of ozone air pollution on children’s health. Out of 68 children who lived in areas with low ozone levels, 30 missed at least one day of school during a five-week period. Out of 116 children who lived in areas with high ozone levels, 53 missed at least one day of school during the same five-week period. Can you conclude that children who live in high ozone areas are more likely to miss a day of school? Find the P-value and state a conclusion.arrow_forwardA study used ethnographic interview techniques, not usually part of ethnography, and quantitative questionnaires to answer questions about how young children (ages 9 to 15) are socialized into sports. How can researchers report coherently on the findings using these apparently incompatible data collection techniques?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not true of individuals in the control condition of an experiment? a. They receive, or might receive, no treatment. b. They receive, or might receive, a placebo. c. They receive, or might receive, a neutral treatment. d. They receive, or might receive, the experimental treatment.arrow_forward
- st is 22. Oishi and Shigehiro (2010) report that people who move from home to home frequently as children tend to have lower than average levels of well-being as adults. To further examine this relationship, a psychologist obtains a sample of n = 12 young adults who each experienced 5 or more different homes before they were 16 years old. These participants were given a standardized well-being questionnaire for which the general population has aarrow_forwardThe effect of aid is a subject of considerable academic and policy interest. In this question we examine the relationship between foreign aid and civil conflict using a recent paper by Crost et al. (2014) in the Philippines. The authors collect data on civil conflict related incidents at the municipality level as well as information on aid receipts at the municipality level. The conflict data was collected from the Philippine military and provides casualty counts (as well as the party responsible) by municipality. Aid in this context refers to a large anti-poverty program (the KALAHI-CIDSS) funded by the World Bank and run from 2003-2008. The program provided cash grants to municipalities to build infrastructure such as roads, water-systems, clinics and schools. The grants were fairly large and accounted for approximately 15% of the annual budget for the average municipality. (a) Let Yi denote the number of conflict casualties in municipality i in a given timeperiod after the…arrow_forwardExperimental Design, Variables, and Scales of Measurement 1. The risk of skin cancer notwithstanding, many Caucasians are convinced that having a tan will make them more attractive to others. Banerjee, Campo, and Greene (2008) asked 135 men and 226 women to rate the attractiveness of a female Caucasian model whose image had been digitally altered to have a light, a medium, or a dark tan. All participants were of college age (19 to 25) from a variety of racial and ethnic backgrounds (64% Caucasian, 16% Asian/Pacific Islander, 5% Hispanic/Latino, 3% Bi- or Multiracial, 2% African American, and 2% Other). All participants rated attractiveness on a scale from 0 (very unattractive) to 100 (very attractive). The findings: Male participants in the study rated the model with the darkest tan as more attractive than the same model shown with a light or medium tan. The attractiveness ratings of female participants were not affected by the depth/darkness of the tan shown in the photograph. Think…arrow_forward
- I need guidance on the last question listed at the end of this .... An experiment was conducted to determine if motivational techniques in management significantly affected employee stress levels compared to no intervention. An employee survey was given to three groups: one group under a manager who started using a transformational motivation technique, one group under a manager who began using a transactional motivation technique, and then a control group with no new technique used. Stress levels were self-reported by the employees on 10-point Likert scales (0 – no stress, 1- little stress, 9 – very high stress). The results are shown below. Use alpha = 0.05. Transformational Transactional Control 0 2 6 7 5 5 3 3 8 5 0 9 2 1 5 Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference in stress levels between the three groups. Alternative hypothesis: There is significance difference in stress levels between the three groups. The…arrow_forwardCH. 11. 3. Engineers are testing company fleet vehicle fuel economy (miles per gallon) performance by using different types of fuel. One vehicle of each size is tested. Does this sample provide sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a significant difference in treatment means?arrow_forward3. What are the effects of repeated exposure to an advertising message? An experiment investigated this question using a random sample of households who regularly watch television. All subjects viewed a 30-minute television program that included ads for a new video camera. Some subjects saw a 30-second commercial, others a 90-second version. The sample commercial was repeated either one, three, or five times during the program. After viewing, all of the subjects answered questions about their recall of the ad, their attitude toward the camera, and their intention to purchase it. For this experiment, four subjects were randomly assigned to each treatment combinations of length of commercial and number of repetitions of the commercial. For this experiment, a) Name the experimental units. b) Name the response variable(s). c) Name the factor(s) or explanatory variable(s) and how many levels each factor has. d) List 3 different possible treatments. e) How many subjects were needed for the…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Functions and Change: A Modeling Approach to Coll...AlgebraISBN:9781337111348Author:Bruce Crauder, Benny Evans, Alan NoellPublisher:Cengage Learning
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw Hill
Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...AlgebraISBN:9780547587776Author:HOLT MCDOUGALPublisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Big Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Stu...AlgebraISBN:9781680331141Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURTPublisher:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
College Algebra (MindTap Course List)AlgebraISBN:9781305652231Author:R. David Gustafson, Jeff HughesPublisher:Cengage Learning
Functions and Change: A Modeling Approach to Coll...
Algebra
ISBN:9781337111348
Author:Bruce Crauder, Benny Evans, Alan Noell
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...
Algebra
ISBN:9780079039897
Author:Carter
Publisher:McGraw Hill
Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...
Algebra
ISBN:9780547587776
Author:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Publisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Big Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Stu...
Algebra
ISBN:9781680331141
Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURT
Publisher:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
College Algebra (MindTap Course List)
Algebra
ISBN:9781305652231
Author:R. David Gustafson, Jeff Hughes
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Introduction to experimental design and analysis of variance (ANOVA); Author: Dr. Bharatendra Rai;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSFo1MwLoxU;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY