Principles of Economics 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172364
Author: Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 15RQ
Why can it be difficult to decide what a “market” is for purposes of measuring competition?
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1800 tons of pomegranates a year is a lot of sweetness!
So, you can get 71 Afghanis for $1? How cool. Does that mean you can buy a lot of stuff in Afghanistan for only $1? How do you know that your purchasing power in Afghanistan is stronger than in the United States?
Yes, with an exchange rate of 71 Afghan Afghani for 1 US dollar, you can buy many things in Afghanistan for just $1. However, purchasing power isn't solely determined by the exchange rate. It also depends on the cost of goods and services in each country. For example, if a meal in Afghanistan costs 200 Afghanis, you would need about $2.82 to buy that meal in US dollars (since 200 Afghanis divided by 71 Afghanis per dollar equals approximately $2.82). So, while the exchange rate allows you to get more Afghanis for your dollars, you also need to consider how much things cost in Afghanistan.
Now that the world seems to like Afghani stuff and is buying more of it, does that mean your…
The idea that a country can experience gains from trade means that it can
A) consume at a point outside its production possibilities frontier.
B) increase its exports.
C) increase the efficiency of its production.
D) experience a bowed-out production possibilities frontier.
Chapter 11 Solutions
Principles of Economics 2e
Ch. 11 - Is it true that a merger between two films that...Ch. 11 - Is it true that the four-firm concentration ratio...Ch. 11 - Some years ago. two intercity bus companies,...Ch. 11 - As a result of globalization and new information...Ch. 11 - Why would a firm choose to use one or more of the...Ch. 11 - Urban transit systems, especially those with rail...Ch. 11 - From the graph you drew to answer Exercise 11.6,...Ch. 11 - What real world changes made the deregulation...Ch. 11 - What are some of the benefits of the deregulation?Ch. 11 - What might some of the negatives of deregulation...
Ch. 11 - What is a corporate merger? What is an...Ch. 11 - What is the goal of antitrust policies?Ch. 11 - How do we measure a four-firm concentration ratio?...Ch. 11 - How do we measure a Herfindahl—Hirshman Index?...Ch. 11 - Why can it be difficult to decide what a market is...Ch. 11 - What is a minimum resale price maintenance...Ch. 11 - What is exclusive dealing? How might it reduce...Ch. 11 - What is a tie-in sale? How might it reduce...Ch. 11 - What is predatory pricing? How might it reduce...Ch. 11 - If public utilities are a natural monopoly, what...Ch. 11 - If public utilities are a natural monopoly, what...Ch. 11 - What is cost-plus regulation?Ch. 11 - What is price cap regulation?Ch. 11 - What is deregulation? Name some industries that...Ch. 11 - What is regulatory capture?Ch. 11 - Why does regulatory capture reduce the...Ch. 11 - Does either the four-firm concentration ratio or...Ch. 11 - What would be evidence of serious competition...Ch. 11 - Can you think of any examples of successful...Ch. 11 - If you were developing a product (like a web...Ch. 11 - In the middle of the twentieth century, major U.S....Ch. 11 - Why are urban areas willing to subsidize urban...Ch. 11 - Deregulation, like all changes in government...Ch. 11 - Do you think it is possible for government to...Ch. 11 - Use Table 11.5 to calculate the four-firm...Ch. 11 - Use Table 11.5 and Table 11.6 to calculate the...Ch. 11 - If the transit system were allowed to operate as...Ch. 11 - If the transit system were regulated to operate...Ch. 11 - If the transit system were regulated to provide...
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- A country is likely to have a comparative advantage in a land-intensive activity if it has a A) alot of land relative to its population. B) large population relative to its landmass. C) higher opportunity cost of producing technology. D) large amount of capital equipment relative to its population.arrow_forwardFlorin and Guilder are two countries separated by a narrow sea. They use currencies called, respectively, the Flop and the Gulp. Suppose the nominal exchange rate is 20 Flops per Gulp. A Guilderian trader buys a 120 Flop barrel of Florish pickles by exchanging 6 Gulps, and a Florish trader buys a 4 Gulp crate of Guilderian apples by exchanging 80 Flops. Then the Gulp depreciates to 10 Flops per Gulp. Instructions: Enter your answers as whole numbers. How much must the Guilderian pay for the same 120 Flop barrel of pickles? Gulps How much must the Florish trader pay for the same 4 Gulp crate of apples? Flopsarrow_forwardSuppose the nominal exchange rate is 5 Flops per Gulp. A Guilderian trader buys a 40 Flop barrel of Florish pickles by exchanging 8 Gulps, and a Florish trader buys a 10 Gulp crate of Guilderian apples by exchanging 50 Flops. Then the Gulp appreciates to 10 Flops per Gulp. What price must the Guilderian pay for the same 40 Flop barrel of pickles? Gulps How much must the Florish trader pay for the same 10 Gulp crate of apples? Flopsarrow_forward
- Suppose the nominal exchange rate is 0.25 Flops per Gulp. A Guilderian trader wants to buy a barrel of Florish turnips for 20 Flops. How many Gulps must he convert to get that many Flops?arrow_forward3. With 17,508 islands, 700 languages, 58 active volcanoes, Indonesia is a dream place. Your company, located in the United States, specializes in importing electrical equipment from Indonesia. In 2023, the United States imported a total of $4.63 billion of electrical and electronic equipment from Indonesia. As of 2024, the average currency exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Indonesian Rupiah is 1 U.S. dollar to 15,458 Rupiah. However, the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Rupiah has been declining for the past 3 months. Basically, the U.S. dollar continues to depreciate against the Rupiah. While chilling in your living room with your friends and watching the evening news, you hear a reporter state the following: "Due to stubborn high inflation in the United States, the central bank decided to raise the interest rate to control the growth of inflation." The next day, you shared that news with your team at work, and one of teammates seemed confused because she did…arrow_forward1. 1800 tons of pomegranates a year is a lot of sweetness! Summertime is approaching, and you decide to spend your summer vacation with your Aunt Zahra who lives in Jalalabad. Jalalabad is one of the major cities in Afghanistan and is known for its rich cultural heritage. It also has economic importance and is especially well-known for its luscious fruits, such as pomegranates, grapes, and mulberries, and also for its beautiful mountains. Your plan is to travel around while there visiting national parks and local villages and to purchase locally made gifts for your family and friends who live in the United States. Part of your trip plan is to figure out how much money you will need to bring with you to Afghanistan. You learned that the exchange rate is 71 Afghan Afghani for 1 US dollar. Now, you are one month away from your departure time to Jalalabad, and as you were surfing the net to learn about the country and to learn a few greeting words in Afghani, you came across a recent…arrow_forward
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- Consider the table below, which has data on insurance status and medical expenditures for different types of professors at Hypothetical University (HU), economics & criminology professors. Assume that there are an equal number of economics and criminology professors. Assume further that econ professors all have the same level of health and criminology professors all have the same level of health. There is evidence of 2021 Insured? Avg. Expenditures Insured? Avg. Expenditures 2020 Economics Professors Criminology Professors Yes. Yes $25,000 $15,000 0000 ??? ??? $28,000 $10,000 I. moral hazard because in 2021 criminology professors dropped their coverage and health expenditures went down. II. adverse selection because in response to rising premiums after 2020, the professors with lower health expenditure dropped coverage Both I and II neither I nor IIarrow_forward0000 Health Suppose that you graph nations' health expenditures against income and see that the US's point lies below others (like in the stylized figure below). From the graph below, it appears that the US is However, this may not be the case if_ Switzerland UK US HPF Health expenditures productively inefficient; The US has a population that prefers spending their resources on health productively efficient; The US has a population that prefers spending their resources on health productively efficient; The US has lower levels of inherent health, therefore it has its own HPF which is lower than the others. productively inefficient; The US has lower levels of inherent health, therefore it has its own HPF which is lower than the others.arrow_forwardPlease match the definition to the term that best fits. This occurs when less-risky people are more likely to enroll in health insurance. How much spent out-of-pocket before insurance kicks-in. When no more units of a good can be produced without decreasing the amount of another good or service The amount that the insurance company pays the customer when an insured event occurs. When an individuals income is state independent Behavior changes that occur before an insured event happens and make that event more likely to occur. The fraction of the medical bill that the consumer is responsible for. The fixed amount that is paid for a service at the time service is rendered. This occurs when marginal benefit of a good to a consumer is equal to marginal cost of production Behavior changes that occur after an insured event happens and make recovering from that event more expensive. Monthly fee to enroll in insurance The oversupply of low-quality goods, products, or contracts that results…arrow_forward
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