The questions based on the given figure are to be stated. Concept introduction: Semipermeable membrane is a thin film which is present almost in both living and nonliving things. This film comprises small pores through which solvent moves from one portion to another. Solvent always flows from lower concentration to higher concentration. This process of solvent flow is known as osmosis. Now if another side external pressure is applied then this process reversed and this applied reverse pressure is known as osmotic pressure. In the process of kidney dialysis the same process of osmosis involves. Due to the small pores only water molecules and small ions are allowed to pass through the membrane during the process of dialysis. To determine: The direction of flow of water in each apparatus.

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Chapter 11, Problem 11.8VP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The questions based on the given figure are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Semipermeable membrane is a thin film which is present almost in both living and nonliving things. This film comprises small pores through which solvent moves from one portion to another. Solvent always flows from lower concentration to higher concentration.

This process of solvent flow is known as osmosis. Now if another side external pressure is applied then this process reversed and this applied reverse pressure is known as osmotic pressure. In the process of kidney dialysis the same process of osmosis involves. Due to the small pores only water molecules and small ions are allowed to pass through the membrane during the process of dialysis.

To determine: The direction of flow of water in each apparatus.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The direction of flow of sodium ions in each apparatus.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The direction of flow of potassium ions in each apparatus.

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