Chapter 11, Problem 11.8P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hybridization of carbon in ${\text{CO}}_3{}^{2-}$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The atomic orbital is the wave function that is used to find the probability to find an electron around the nucleus of an atom. It is the space around the nucleus of atom where the electrons are supposed to be found.

Hybridization is the process of intermixing of atomic orbital of slightly different energies to form hybrid orbitals that have similar energy. These orbital have lower energy and more stability than the atomic orbital.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hybridization of carbon in ${\text{C}}_2{\text{O}}_4{}^{2-}$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The atomic orbital is the wave function that is used to find the probability to find an electron around the nucleus of an atom. It is the space around the nucleus of atom where the electrons are supposed to be found.

Hybridization is the process of intermixing of atomic orbital of slightly different energies to form hybrid orbitals that have similar energy. These orbital have lower energy and more stability than the atomic orbital.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hybridization of carbon in ${\text{NCO}}^{-}$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The atomic orbital is the wave function that is used to find the probability to find an electron around the nucleus of an atom. It is the space around the nucleus of atom where the electrons are supposed to be found.

Hybridization is the process of intermixing of atomic orbital of slightly different energies to form hybrid orbitals that have similar energy. These orbital have lower energy and more stability than the atomic orbital.