The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown. Concept introduction: Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide . Markovnikov’s rule: In the overall addition reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.59QP

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall addition reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

Addition of bromine across the double bond in the presence of Lewis catalyst undergoes addition reaction leads to formation of products.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide (Or)

Hydrogenation of alkene: Addition of hydrogen molecule across the double bond in presence of catalyst undergoes hydrogenation of alkene.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.59QP

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall addition reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

Addition of bromine across the double bond in the presence of Lewis catalyst undergoes addition reaction leads to formation of products.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide (Or)

Hydrogenation of alkene: Addition of hydrogen molecule across the double bond in presence of catalyst undergoes hydrogenation of alkene.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.59QP

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall addition reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

Addition of bromine across the double bond in the presence of Lewis catalyst undergoes addition reaction leads to formation of products.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide (Or)

Hydrogenation of alkene: Addition of hydrogen molecule across the double bond in presence of catalyst undergoes hydrogenation of alkene.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.59QP

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall addition reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

Addition of bromine across the double bond in the presence of Lewis catalyst undergoes addition reaction leads to formation of products.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide (Or)

Hydrogenation of alkene: Addition of hydrogen molecule across the double bond in presence of catalyst undergoes hydrogenation of alkene.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

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Answer 5

Chapter 11, Problem 11.59QP

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall addition reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

Addition of bromine across the double bond in the presence of Lewis catalyst undergoes addition reaction leads to formation of products.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide (Or)

Hydrogenation of alkene: Addition of hydrogen molecule across the double bond in presence of catalyst undergoes hydrogenation of alkene.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

Answer 6

Chapter 11, Problem 11.59QP

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall addition reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

Answer 7

Chapter 11, Problem 11.59QP

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall addition reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

Answer 8

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

Addition of bromine across the double bond in the presence of Lewis catalyst undergoes addition reaction leads to formation of products.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

Answer 9

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

Addition of bromine across the double bond in the presence of Lewis catalyst undergoes addition reaction leads to formation of products.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

Answer 10

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide (Or)

Hydrogenation of alkene: Addition of hydrogen molecule across the double bond in presence of catalyst undergoes hydrogenation of alkene.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

Answer 11

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide (Or)

Hydrogenation of alkene: Addition of hydrogen molecule across the double bond in presence of catalyst undergoes hydrogenation of alkene.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 1PE Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 2PE Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 3PE Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 1RC Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 1RC Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 1PE Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 1RC Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 1PE Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 1RC Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.1QP

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Chapter 11 Solutions