Chapter 11, Problem 11.40P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The synthesis for ${\left({\text{CH}}_3\right)}_2{\text{CHCH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CO}}_2\text{H}$ from ${\left({\text{CH}}_3\right)}_2\text{C}={\text{CH}}_2$ $\left(2-\text{methylpropene}\right)$ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The larger carbon chains can be synthesized from smaller carbon chains by reacting an epoxide with a Grignard reagent or organocuprate reagent. The alkyl part in the Grignard reagent acts as a nucleophile while the magnesium bromide acts as the electrophile. The reaction of an epoxide with Grignard reagent results in the formation of an alcohol. The alcohol on oxidation gives a carboxylic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The synthesis for ${\left({\text{CH}}_3\right)}_2{\text{CHCO}}_2\text{H}$ from $2\text{-methylpropene}$ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Hydroboration-oxidation reaction is the reaction in which an alkene reacts with borane in presence of a peroxide to yield primary alcohol. The reaction occurs by anti-markovnikov’s rule. Alcohol on oxidation with a strong oxidizing agent converts into a carboxylic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The synthesis for dibutyl sulfone from $1\text{-butanethiol}$ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Williamson ether synthesis is reaction in which an alkoxide reacts with an organohalide to form an ether. The reaction takes place by ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ mechanism. Thiols, also, react with organohalides to form thiolether. The thiolethers on oxidation yields sulfones.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The synthesis for $(\pm )$ trans$-1-$ ethoxy $-2-$ methylcyclopentane from cyclopentene is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes undergo concerted syn-addition reaction with MMPP reagent to form an epoxide. It is the reaction which takes place in a single step with complete retention of the configuration of the substrate. The reaction of an epoxide with a Grignard reagent or organocuprate reagent yields an alcohol. Alcohol on reaction with organohalide undergoes Williamson ether synthesis to yield ether.