Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780321934925
Author: Jeff Hardin, Gregory Paul Bertoni
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 11, Problem 11.3CC
An essential structural feature in both mitochondria and chloroplasts is the presence of an ordered series of electron carriers. Discuss similarities and differences in electron transport in these two organelles.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
Ch. 11 - Both mitochondria and chloroplasts are...Ch. 11 - In the late 1800s, T. W. Engelmann illuminated...Ch. 11 - How do the type and arrangement of the various...Ch. 11 - An essential structural feature in both...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.4CCCh. 11 - Explain how the Calvin cycle fixes three CO2...Ch. 11 - What are the major regulatory points in the Calvin...Ch. 11 - Although the typical chemical equation for...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.8CCCh. 11 - True or False Indicate whether each of the...
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- The following diagrams illustrate the two aqueous spaces and the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. In which diagram is the relative concentration of protons auch that ATP synthesis could occur if ATP synthase were present? (Gold spheres represent protons.) 圈圈圈圈圈 A B D E OA OB OC OD OE intermembrane space Anner membrane matriearrow_forwardexplain why oxidative phosphorylation is an emergent property of the mitochondriaarrow_forwardHow many ATP molecules are made when 40 protons flow from the intermembrane space to the matrix in healthy human mitochondria?arrow_forward
- Using the answer code on the right, indicate which form of energy production is being described: 1. takes place in the mitochondrial matrix 2. produces H2O as a by-product 3. results in a rich yield of ATP 4. takes place in the cytosol 5. processes acetyl-CoA 6. takes place in the mitochondrial innermembrane cristae 7. converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules 8. uses molecular oxygen 9. accomplished by the electron transport system and ATP synthase (a) glycolysis (b) citric acid cycle (c) oxidative phosphorylationarrow_forwardList down the specific functions of the component structures of mitochondrion relative to cellular respiration.arrow_forwardThe electron transport chain makes no ATP directly. Instead, it eases the fall of electrons from food to oxygen, breaking a large free-energy drop into a series of smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts, step by step. How does the mitochondrion (or the plasma membrane in prokaryotes) couple this electron transport and energy release to ATP synthesis?arrow_forward
- For the Complex III in the electron transport chain: Complex III step 1: UQH2 is oxidized in a 2 electron process. Cytochrome c is reduced and UQ is reduced to UQH in two 1 electron processes. Complex III step 2: UQH2 is oxidized in a 2 electron process. Cytochrome c is reduced and UQH is reduced to UQH2 in two 1 electron processes. The necessary standard reduction potentials are: UQ + 2H+ + 2e- UQH2 E° = 0.06 V cyt c (Fe3+) + e- cyt c (Fe2+) E° = 0.254 V UQ + H+ + e- UQH. E° = 0.03 V UQH. + H+ + e- UQH2 E° = 0.19 V Calculate the total redox potential of the complex. Now calculate how many moles of protons can be translocated across the inner mitochondrial membrane if translocation of 1 mole requires 23 kJ. Calculate the free energy available for proton translocation assuming a 2electron process for each complex.arrow_forwardThe enzymes used in the regulation of chemical reactions during the citric acid cycle are synthesized via which of the following pathways? Choose from the following: (A) ribosomes / mRNA attached to the ribosomal endoplasmic reticulum (B) free or polyribosomes associated with mRNAarrow_forwardDescribe the process of oxidative phosphorylation. In your description, include the terms NADH, FADH2, ATP, mitochondria (or mitochondrial), glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron (or electrons), proton (or protons), and oxygen. Be sure to describe how ATP molecules get produced, and how many ATP molecules are produced per FADH2 and NADH (note; NADH from outside the mitochondria generate a different number of ATP compared to NADH inside the mitochondria; your description should indicate both quantities for full credit.) vas 19llo ton lle vowor 1esbarrow_forward
- How much ATP is made available to the cell from a single glucose molecule by the operation of (1) glycolysis, (2) the formation of acetyl CoA, (3) the citric acid cycle, and (4) the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis?Where does each of these processes take place in a eukaryotic cell?arrow_forwardGlucose is phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate by hexokinase in the first step of the glycolytic pathway to trap it in the cell, as G6P cannot diffuse across the lipid bilayer. This reaction also decreases the concentration of free glucose, favoring additional import of the molecule. However, this has a postive standard free energy of 3 kcal per mole. To favor this reaction, hydrolysis of ATP is coupled, which has a standard free energy of -7 kcal per mole. Determine the actual free energy change in kcal/mole for the following conditions: Glucose concentration: 4.5 mM ATP conc: 3.79 mM G6P conc. 0.052 mM ADP conc: 0.12 mM inorganic phosphate conc: 1.3 mM temperature: 313 K Ans. in 3 SFs.arrow_forwardin mitochondria, the electron transport chain pumps protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space. in what direction are protons pumped by the electron transport chain in chloroplasts?arrow_forward
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