(a) Interpretation: The detailed mechanism for the given reaction with major product is to be drawn. Concept introduction: Alkynes are electron rich system like alkenes and can undergo electrophilic addition of water in acidic condition to produce the enol form. This enol form, on acid catalyzed tautomerization, converts to a stable keto form, i.e., corresponding aldehyde or ketone . The acid in aqueous solution gets dissociated and forms hydronium ion H 3 O + . The reaction proceeds with proton transfer reaction to form a stable vinylic carbocation, followed by the action of water as a nucleophile. The deuterium is a isotope of hydrogen atom and reacts like hydrogen.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 11, Problem 11.38P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given reaction with major product is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Alkynes are electron rich system like alkenes and can undergo electrophilic addition of water in acidic condition to produce the enol form. This enol form, on acid catalyzed tautomerization, converts to a stable keto form, i.e., corresponding aldehyde or ketone. The acid in aqueous solution gets dissociated and forms hydronium ion H3O+. The reaction proceeds with proton transfer reaction to form a stable vinylic carbocation, followed by the action of water as a nucleophile. The deuterium is a isotope of hydrogen atom and reacts like hydrogen.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given reaction with major product is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Alkynes are electron rich system like alkenes and can undergo electrophilic addition of water in acidic condition to produce the enol form. This enol form, on acid catalyzed tautomerization, converts to a stable keto form, i.e., corresponding aldehyde or ketone. The acid in aqueous solution gets dissociated and forms hydronium ion H3O+. The reaction proceeds with proton transfer reaction to form a stable vinylic carbocation, followed by the action of water as a nucleophile. The deuterium is a isotope of hydrogen atom and reacts like hydrogen.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given reaction with major product is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Alkynes are electron rich system like alkenes and can undergo electrophilic addition of water in acidic condition to produce the enol form. This enol form, on acid catalyzed tautomerization, converts to a stable keto form, i.e., corresponding aldehyde or ketone. The acid in aqueous solution gets dissociated and forms hydronium ion H3O+. The reaction proceeds with proton transfer reaction to form a stable vinylic carbocation, followed by the action of water as a nucleophile. The deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen atom and reacts like hydrogen.

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The following equations represent the formation of compound MX. What is the AH for the electron affinity of X (g)? X₂ (g) → 2X (g) M (s) → M (g) M (g) M (g) + e- AH = 60 kJ/mol AH = 22 kJ/mol X (g) + e-X (g) M* (g) +X (g) → MX (s) AH = 118 kJ/mol AH = ? AH = -190 kJ/mol AH = -100 kJ/mol a) -80 kJ b) -30 kJ c) -20 kJ d) 20 kJ e) 156 kJ

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 11, Problem 11.38P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given reaction with major product is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Alkynes are electron rich system like alkenes and can undergo electrophilic addition of water in acidic condition to produce the enol form. This enol form, on acid catalyzed tautomerization, converts to a stable keto form, i.e., corresponding aldehyde or ketone. The acid in aqueous solution gets dissociated and forms hydronium ion H3O+. The reaction proceeds with proton transfer reaction to form a stable vinylic carbocation, followed by the action of water as a nucleophile. The deuterium is a isotope of hydrogen atom and reacts like hydrogen.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given reaction with major product is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Alkynes are electron rich system like alkenes and can undergo electrophilic addition of water in acidic condition to produce the enol form. This enol form, on acid catalyzed tautomerization, converts to a stable keto form, i.e., corresponding aldehyde or ketone. The acid in aqueous solution gets dissociated and forms hydronium ion H3O+. The reaction proceeds with proton transfer reaction to form a stable vinylic carbocation, followed by the action of water as a nucleophile. The deuterium is a isotope of hydrogen atom and reacts like hydrogen.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given reaction with major product is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Alkynes are electron rich system like alkenes and can undergo electrophilic addition of water in acidic condition to produce the enol form. This enol form, on acid catalyzed tautomerization, converts to a stable keto form, i.e., corresponding aldehyde or ketone. The acid in aqueous solution gets dissociated and forms hydronium ion H3O+. The reaction proceeds with proton transfer reaction to form a stable vinylic carbocation, followed by the action of water as a nucleophile. The deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen atom and reacts like hydrogen.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 11, Problem 11.38P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given reaction with major product is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Alkynes are electron rich system like alkenes and can undergo electrophilic addition of water in acidic condition to produce the enol form. This enol form, on acid catalyzed tautomerization, converts to a stable keto form, i.e., corresponding aldehyde or ketone. The acid in aqueous solution gets dissociated and forms hydronium ion H3O+. The reaction proceeds with proton transfer reaction to form a stable vinylic carbocation, followed by the action of water as a nucleophile. The deuterium is a isotope of hydrogen atom and reacts like hydrogen.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given reaction with major product is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Alkynes are electron rich system like alkenes and can undergo electrophilic addition of water in acidic condition to produce the enol form. This enol form, on acid catalyzed tautomerization, converts to a stable keto form, i.e., corresponding aldehyde or ketone. The acid in aqueous solution gets dissociated and forms hydronium ion H3O+. The reaction proceeds with proton transfer reaction to form a stable vinylic carbocation, followed by the action of water as a nucleophile. The deuterium is a isotope of hydrogen atom and reacts like hydrogen.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given reaction with major product is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Alkynes are electron rich system like alkenes and can undergo electrophilic addition of water in acidic condition to produce the enol form. This enol form, on acid catalyzed tautomerization, converts to a stable keto form, i.e., corresponding aldehyde or ketone. The acid in aqueous solution gets dissociated and forms hydronium ion H3O+. The reaction proceeds with proton transfer reaction to form a stable vinylic carbocation, followed by the action of water as a nucleophile. The deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen atom and reacts like hydrogen.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 11, Problem 11.38P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given reaction with major product is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Alkynes are electron rich system like alkenes and can undergo electrophilic addition of water in acidic condition to produce the enol form. This enol form, on acid catalyzed tautomerization, converts to a stable keto form, i.e., corresponding aldehyde or ketone. The acid in aqueous solution gets dissociated and forms hydronium ion H3O+. The reaction proceeds with proton transfer reaction to form a stable vinylic carbocation, followed by the action of water as a nucleophile. The deuterium is a isotope of hydrogen atom and reacts like hydrogen.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given reaction with major product is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Alkynes are electron rich system like alkenes and can undergo electrophilic addition of water in acidic condition to produce the enol form. This enol form, on acid catalyzed tautomerization, converts to a stable keto form, i.e., corresponding aldehyde or ketone. The acid in aqueous solution gets dissociated and forms hydronium ion H3O+. The reaction proceeds with proton transfer reaction to form a stable vinylic carbocation, followed by the action of water as a nucleophile. The deuterium is a isotope of hydrogen atom and reacts like hydrogen.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given reaction with major product is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Alkynes are electron rich system like alkenes and can undergo electrophilic addition of water in acidic condition to produce the enol form. This enol form, on acid catalyzed tautomerization, converts to a stable keto form, i.e., corresponding aldehyde or ketone. The acid in aqueous solution gets dissociated and forms hydronium ion H3O+. The reaction proceeds with proton transfer reaction to form a stable vinylic carbocation, followed by the action of water as a nucleophile. The deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen atom and reacts like hydrogen.

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Answer 5

Chapter 11, Problem 11.38P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given reaction with major product is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Alkynes are electron rich system like alkenes and can undergo electrophilic addition of water in acidic condition to produce the enol form. This enol form, on acid catalyzed tautomerization, converts to a stable keto form, i.e., corresponding aldehyde or ketone. The acid in aqueous solution gets dissociated and forms hydronium ion H3O+. The reaction proceeds with proton transfer reaction to form a stable vinylic carbocation, followed by the action of water as a nucleophile. The deuterium is a isotope of hydrogen atom and reacts like hydrogen.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given reaction with major product is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Alkynes are electron rich system like alkenes and can undergo electrophilic addition of water in acidic condition to produce the enol form. This enol form, on acid catalyzed tautomerization, converts to a stable keto form, i.e., corresponding aldehyde or ketone. The acid in aqueous solution gets dissociated and forms hydronium ion H3O+. The reaction proceeds with proton transfer reaction to form a stable vinylic carbocation, followed by the action of water as a nucleophile. The deuterium is a isotope of hydrogen atom and reacts like hydrogen.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given reaction with major product is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Alkynes are electron rich system like alkenes and can undergo electrophilic addition of water in acidic condition to produce the enol form. This enol form, on acid catalyzed tautomerization, converts to a stable keto form, i.e., corresponding aldehyde or ketone. The acid in aqueous solution gets dissociated and forms hydronium ion H3O+. The reaction proceeds with proton transfer reaction to form a stable vinylic carbocation, followed by the action of water as a nucleophile. The deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen atom and reacts like hydrogen.

Answer 6

Chapter 11, Problem 11.38P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given reaction with major product is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Alkynes are electron rich system like alkenes and can undergo electrophilic addition of water in acidic condition to produce the enol form. This enol form, on acid catalyzed tautomerization, converts to a stable keto form, i.e., corresponding aldehyde or ketone. The acid in aqueous solution gets dissociated and forms hydronium ion H3O+. The reaction proceeds with proton transfer reaction to form a stable vinylic carbocation, followed by the action of water as a nucleophile. The deuterium is a isotope of hydrogen atom and reacts like hydrogen.

Answer 7

Chapter 11, Problem 11.38P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given reaction with major product is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Alkynes are electron rich system like alkenes and can undergo electrophilic addition of water in acidic condition to produce the enol form. This enol form, on acid catalyzed tautomerization, converts to a stable keto form, i.e., corresponding aldehyde or ketone. The acid in aqueous solution gets dissociated and forms hydronium ion H3O+. The reaction proceeds with proton transfer reaction to form a stable vinylic carbocation, followed by the action of water as a nucleophile. The deuterium is a isotope of hydrogen atom and reacts like hydrogen.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given reaction with major product is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Alkynes are electron rich system like alkenes and can undergo electrophilic addition of water in acidic condition to produce the enol form. This enol form, on acid catalyzed tautomerization, converts to a stable keto form, i.e., corresponding aldehyde or ketone. The acid in aqueous solution gets dissociated and forms hydronium ion H3O+. The reaction proceeds with proton transfer reaction to form a stable vinylic carbocation, followed by the action of water as a nucleophile. The deuterium is a isotope of hydrogen atom and reacts like hydrogen.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given reaction with major product is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Alkynes are electron rich system like alkenes and can undergo electrophilic addition of water in acidic condition to produce the enol form. This enol form, on acid catalyzed tautomerization, converts to a stable keto form, i.e., corresponding aldehyde or ketone. The acid in aqueous solution gets dissociated and forms hydronium ion H3O+. The reaction proceeds with proton transfer reaction to form a stable vinylic carbocation, followed by the action of water as a nucleophile. The deuterium is a isotope of hydrogen atom and reacts like hydrogen.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given reaction with major product is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Alkynes are electron rich system like alkenes and can undergo electrophilic addition of water in acidic condition to produce the enol form. This enol form, on acid catalyzed tautomerization, converts to a stable keto form, i.e., corresponding aldehyde or ketone. The acid in aqueous solution gets dissociated and forms hydronium ion H3O+. The reaction proceeds with proton transfer reaction to form a stable vinylic carbocation, followed by the action of water as a nucleophile. The deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen atom and reacts like hydrogen.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given reaction with major product is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Alkynes are electron rich system like alkenes and can undergo electrophilic addition of water in acidic condition to produce the enol form. This enol form, on acid catalyzed tautomerization, converts to a stable keto form, i.e., corresponding aldehyde or ketone. The acid in aqueous solution gets dissociated and forms hydronium ion H3O+. The reaction proceeds with proton transfer reaction to form a stable vinylic carbocation, followed by the action of water as a nucleophile. The deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen atom and reacts like hydrogen.

Answer 12

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.1P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.2P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.3P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.4P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.5P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.6P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.7P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.8P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.9P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.10P

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