Chapter 10.3, Problem 39PB

Clinical therapies 2 Refer to the previous exercise.

1. a. For the null hypothesis, H₀: μ₁ = μ_2, show that t = 2.62 and the two-sided P-value = 0.059. Interpret.
2. b. What decision would you make in the test, using a (i) 0.05 and (ii) 0.10 significance level? Explain what this means in the context of the study.
3. c. Suppose the researcher had predicted ahead of time that Therapy 1 would be better. To which H_a does this correspond? Report the P-value for it, and make a decision with significance level 0.05.

10.38 Comparing clinical therapies A clinical psychologist wants to choose between two therapies for treating severe cases of mental depression. She selects six patients who are similar in their depressive symptoms and in their overall quality of health. She randomly selects three of the patients to receive Therapy 1, and the other three receive Therapy 2. She selects small samples for ethical reasons—if her experiment indicates that one therapy is superior, she will use that therapy on all her other depression patients. After one month of treatment, the improvement in each patient is measured by the change in a score for measuring severity of mental depression. The higher the score, the better. The improvement scores are

Therapy 1: 30,45,45

Therapy 2: 10,20,30

Analyze these data (you can use software if you wish), assuming equal population standard deviations.

1. a. Show that ${\bar{x}}_1=40,{\bar{x}}_2=20,s=9.35,se=7.64,df=4$, and a 95% confidence interval comparing the means is (–1.2, 41.2).
2. b. Explain how to interpret what the confidence interval tells you about the therapies. Why do you think that it is so wide?
3. c. When the sample sizes are very small, it may be worth sacrificing some confidence to achieve more precision. Show that a 90% confidence interval is (3.7, 36.3). At this confidence level, can you conclude that Therapy 1 is better?