Chapter 10.27, Problem 41P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way in which compounds having same molecular formula can be distinguished by theirs ${}^1\text{H NMR}$ has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The ${}^1\text{H NMR}$ spectrum of a compound provides some vital information that is required to predict the structure of the compound.  The chemical shift values can predict the groups that are present in the molecule.

The splitting of signals predicts the number of hydrogens or protons attached to the adjacent carbon in a carbon chain of a compound.  The single signal is split into multiple peaks called the multiplicity of the signal.  Splitting of signals is done according to the $\text{(}N+\text{1)}$ rule. Here, $N$ is the number of adjacent non-equivalent protons.

According to the $\text{(}N+\text{1)}$ rule, for a proton-coupled with adjacent $N$ non-equivalent protons, the signal split into $\text{(}N+\text{1)}$ peak. The splitting is mutual. With this information, the structure of the compound can be predicted.