Essentials of Economics (MindTap Course List)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781337091992
Author: N. Gregory Mankiw
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 10, Problem 9PA
Subpart (a):
To determine
Total cost.
Subpart (b):
To determine
Total cost.
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There are three identical firms in Happy Valley.
Firms
Initial Pollution Level
Cost of Reducing Pollution by 1 unit
A
30 units
$20
B
40 units
$30
C
20 units
$10
The government wants to reduce total pollution to 60 units, so it gives each firm 20 tradable permits.
Who sells permits and how many do they sell? Who buys permits and how many do they buy? Briefly explain why the sellers and buyers are each willing to do so? What is the total cost of pollution reduction in this situation?
How much larger would the cost of pollution reduction be if the permits could not be traded?
There are three industrial firms in a town
Firm Initial Pollution Level Cost of Reducing Pollution by 1 Unit
A
30 units
$20
40 units
20 units
B
с
$30
$10
The government wants to reduce pollution to 60 units, so it gives each firm 20 tradable pollution permits.
1. Who sells permits and how many do they sell? Who buys permits and how many do they buy? Briefly
explain why the sellers and buyers are each willing to do so. What is the total cost of pollution
reduction in this situation?
2. How much higher would the costs of pollution reduction be if the permits could not be traded?
What are pollution havens? How are they
created or why do they exist? Why do
economists think they may change over time
and develop policies to reduce pollution?
Chapter 10 Solutions
Essentials of Economics (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 1QQCh. 10.2 - Prob. 2QQCh. 10.3 - Prob. 3QQCh. 10 - Prob. 1CQQCh. 10 - Prob. 2CQQCh. 10 - Prob. 3CQQCh. 10 - Prob. 4CQQCh. 10 - Prob. 5CQQCh. 10 - Prob. 6CQQCh. 10 - Prob. 1QR
Ch. 10 - Prob. 2QRCh. 10 - Prob. 3QRCh. 10 - Prob. 4QRCh. 10 - Prob. 5QRCh. 10 - Prob. 6QRCh. 10 - Prob. 1PACh. 10 - Prob. 2PACh. 10 - Greater consumption of alcohol leads to more motor...Ch. 10 - Prob. 4PACh. 10 - The many identical residents of Whoville love...Ch. 10 - Prob. 6PACh. 10 - Prob. 7PACh. 10 - Prob. 8PACh. 10 - Prob. 9PA
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- yn iru Suppose the government wants to reduce the total pollution emitted by three local firms. Currently, each firm is creating 4 units of pollution in the area, for a total of 12 pollution units. If the government wants to reduce total pollution in the area to 6 units, it can choose between the following two methods: Available Methods to Reduce Pollution 1. The government sets pollution standards using regulation. 2. The government allocates tradable pollution permits. Each firm faces different costs, so reducing pollution is more difficult for some firms than others. The following table shows the cost each firm faces to eliminate each unit of pollution. For each firm, assume that the cost of reducing pollution to zero (that is, eliminating all 4 units of pollution) is prohibitively expensive. Cost of Eliminating the... Second Unit of Pollution First Unit of Pollution Firm (Dollars) (Dollars) Third Unit of Pollution (Dollars) 150 1,050 Firm X 80 100 800 450 Firm Y 200 Firm Z 120 95…arrow_forwardThe table below shows the marginal cost for three firms to clean up units of pollution. Marginal Cost ($) to clean... Firm 1 ton of pollution 2 tons of pollution 3 tons of pollution US Steel 155 580 860 Ford 220 865 1280 Apple 1200 1600 1915 Suppose the government gives every firm enough permits so that, without trade, every firm must clean two units of pollution. What. will the cost be to every firm, and the cost to clean 6 units of pollution? The market price for a permit is $1400. Net Cost for US Steel = $ Net Cost for Ford = $ Net Cost for Apple = $ Societal cost to clean = $ F12arrow_forwardThere are three industrial firms in Happy Valley.FirmInitial PollutionLevelCost of ReducingPollution by 1 UnitA 30 units $20B 40 units $30C 20 units $10The government wants to reduce pollution to 60 units,so it gives each firm 20 tradable pollution permits.a. Who sells permits and how many do they sell?Who buys permits and how many do they buy?Briefly explain why the sellers and buyers are eachwilling to do so. What is the total cost of pollutionreduction in this situation?b. How much higher would the costs of pollutionreduction be if the permits could not be traded?arrow_forward
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