Universe
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319039448
Author: Robert Geller, Roger Freedman, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 10, Problem 40Q
To determine
The reason for severe temperature variations between day and night on the Moon as compared to the Earth.
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2. Show that the divergence of the geostrophic wind is – v,(cot $)/a if the
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On mars, the surface temperature can be 55 F What is this temperatures in Celsius scale? (Hint: T F =(9/5)T C +32)
1. Compute the scale height for the atmosphere of Mars, which has a surface gravity of 3.7 m/?2,effective surface temperature of 218?, and atmospheric constituents in percent volume of 2.7% nitrogen(?2), 0.07% oxygen (?2), 1.6% argon (??), 95.6% carbon dioxide (??2), and 0.03% water vapor (?2?).The molar mass of oxygen (O) 15.999 ??/???? , nitrogen (N) 14.007 ??/???? ,argon (?? ) 39.948 ??/????, hydrogen (?) 1.00795 ??/???? and carbon 12.0107 ??/???�
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Universe
Ch. 10 - Prob. 1CCCh. 10 - Prob. 2CCCh. 10 - Prob. 3CCCh. 10 - Prob. 4CCCh. 10 - Prob. 5CCCh. 10 - Prob. 1CLCCh. 10 - Prob. 1QCh. 10 - Prob. 2QCh. 10 - Prob. 3QCh. 10 - Prob. 4Q
Ch. 10 - Prob. 5QCh. 10 - Prob. 6QCh. 10 - Prob. 7QCh. 10 - Prob. 8QCh. 10 - Prob. 9QCh. 10 - Prob. 10QCh. 10 - Prob. 11QCh. 10 - Prob. 12QCh. 10 - Prob. 13QCh. 10 - Prob. 14QCh. 10 - Prob. 15QCh. 10 - Prob. 16QCh. 10 - Prob. 17QCh. 10 - Prob. 18QCh. 10 - Prob. 19QCh. 10 - Prob. 20QCh. 10 - Prob. 21QCh. 10 - Prob. 22QCh. 10 - Prob. 23QCh. 10 - Prob. 24QCh. 10 - Prob. 25QCh. 10 - Prob. 26QCh. 10 - Prob. 27QCh. 10 - Prob. 28QCh. 10 - Prob. 29QCh. 10 - Prob. 30QCh. 10 - Prob. 31QCh. 10 - Prob. 32QCh. 10 - Prob. 33QCh. 10 - Prob. 34QCh. 10 - Prob. 35QCh. 10 - Prob. 36QCh. 10 - Prob. 37QCh. 10 - Prob. 38QCh. 10 - Prob. 39QCh. 10 - Prob. 40QCh. 10 - Prob. 41QCh. 10 - Prob. 42QCh. 10 - Prob. 43Q
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- Near the martian equator, temperatures at the same spot can vary from an average of 135 °C at night to an average of 30 °C during the day. How can you explain such a wide difference in temperature compared to that on Earth?arrow_forwardWhat is a dust devil? Would you expect to feel more of a breeze from a dust devil on Mars or on Earth? Explain.arrow_forwardQuestion 2: Planet Mars Planetary Attribute Albedo Radius Gravitational acceleration Mean distance from sun Surface pressure Symbol a R (km) g (m/s²) D (km) Po (kPa) Earth 0.29 6378 9.8 150 x 106 101 Mars 0.25 3395 3.7 228 x 106 0.6 (a) Calculate an appropriate value for shortwave solar radiation (SM) incident at the top of the Martian atmosphere (answer in W/m²). The corresponding value for Earth, SE = 1360 W/m². (b) Estimate the average surface temperature on Mars (answer in degrees Kelvin) using a suitable radiative energy balance. The greenhouse effect can be neglected for Mars. (c) Estimate the mass of the Martian atmosphere (answer in kg).arrow_forward
- The solar insolation at the top of the atmosphere is about 342 W/m^2. The total radiation absorbed at the surface of the Earth is 494 W/m^2. Explain how it is possible to absorb more radiation at the surface than comes in at the top of the atmosphere. (Answer should be one paragraph long)arrow_forwardThe total mass of this planet's atmosphere may be higher than the Earth's but the gases present must be very lighter ones like hydrogen and helium. The escape velocity of the planet will be very high. Due to the high escape velocity, the light gases were not able to escape and hence forming a thick atmosphere Would the atmosphere for this planet be thicker or thinner than that of the Earth?arrow_forwardDo tides depend more on the strength of gravitational pull or on the difference in strengths?Explain.arrow_forward
- Mercury, the closest planet to the sun (distance sun - Mercury = 57.0×106 km),has virtually no atmosphere. Its average temperature, as seen from space, is 170 °C.Determine the albedo, a, of Mercury. Earth's solar constant is 1372 W m-2 and the distancebetween sun and Earth is 150×106 km.arrow_forwardThe average temperature on Venus is 460°C what is the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit?arrow_forwardConstruct a time series graph to show how insolation received at 0o latitude at the top of Earth’s atmosphere varies throughout the year. The vertical axis is divided into 1 cm intervals; beginning at 0 W/m2, let 1 cm represent 50 W/m2. Plot points on this graph (showing insolation for a given month) and join the points with a smooth, continuous line. On the same graph, draw similar lines for 50oN, 50oS, 80oN, and 80oSarrow_forward
- The weather channel said the current temp in Fairbanks Alaska is 50 degrees F while at the same time the temp in Mexico City was 50 degrees C what is the difference in temp between the two cities in the unit of K ??arrow_forward(i) (ii) (iii) What are the three factors that determine the temperature at the surface of any planet in the absence of the Greenhouse Effect. Briefly describe how the Greenhouse Effect makes a planet warmer than it would otherwise be. A diagram may help. Is the Greenhouse effect important on Mercury? Venus? Mars? Explain your answer for each of these planets.arrow_forwardExplain why the Moon and Mercury possess only very weak, transient atmospheres consisting of constituents temporarily captured from the solar wind or released by collisions with interplanetary debris.arrow_forward
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