Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
A balanced
Concept Introduction:
The reactions involving formation of new nucleus with emission of some radiation along with it from an original nucleus are known as nuclear reactions.
To write a nuclear reaction the chemical equation for the reaction must be balanced that is the sum of
A radioactive process in which nucleus of an atom emits a particle (

Answer to Problem 39P
The complete nuclear reaction for decay of thorium-232 by a emission is represented as follows:
Explanation of Solution
To write a balanced
- Write the incomplete reaction showing original nucleus with atomic number and mass number and the particle emitted on the left and right side respectively as follows:
- Determine atomic number and mass number or particle emitted on right side as follows:
- The chemical equation is completed using atomic number of new nuclei.
Atomic number: The sum of atomic number on both side must be equal in a chemical reaction. Since, particle emitted during the reaction is having 2 protons thus atomic number of new nucleus will be obtained by subtracting 2 from atomic number of original nucleus
Mass number: The sum of mass number on both side must be equal in a nuclear equation. Since, the particle emitted during decay of thorium is having mass number 4. Thus, mass number of new nuclei will be obtained by subtracting 4 from atomic number of thorium as
The element having atomic number 88 is radium.
Now, write the element with its atomic number and mass number to complete the chemical equation as follows:
(b)
Interpretation:
A balanced nuclear equation for decay of sodium-25 through β emission should be predicted.
Concept Introduction:
The reactions involving formation of new nucleus with emission of some radiation along with it from an original nucleus are known as nuclear reactions.
To write a nuclear reaction the chemical equation for the reaction must be balanced that is the sum of atomic number and mass number on both the side should be equal.
A radioactive process in which nucleus of an atom emits a beta particle (

Answer to Problem 39P
The complete nuclear reaction for decay of sodium-25 by β emission is represented as follows:
Explanation of Solution
To write a balanced chemical reaction following steps should be followed which are given as follows:
- Write the incomplete reaction showing original nucleus with atomic number and mass number and the particle emitted on the left and right side respectively as follows:
- Determine atomic number and mass number or particle emitted on right side as follows:
- The chemical equation is completed using atomic number of new nuclei.
Atomic number: The sum of atomic number on both side must be equal in a chemical reaction. Since, particle emitted during the reaction is having -1 charge thus atomic number of new nucleus will be obtained by adding 1 to the atomic number of original nucleus
The element having atomic number 12 is magnesium.
Now, write the element with its atomic number and mass number to complete the chemical equation as follows:
(c)
Interpretation:
A balanced nuclear equation for decay of xenon-118 through positron emission should be predicted.
Concept Introduction:
The reactions involving formation of new nucleus with emission of some radiation along with it from an original nucleus are known as nuclear reactions.
To write a nuclear reaction the chemical equation for the reaction must be balanced that is the sum of atomic number and mass number on both the side should be equal.
A radioactive process in which nucleus of an atom emits a positron (

Answer to Problem 39P
The complete nuclear reaction for decay of xenon by positron emission is represented as follows:
Explanation of Solution
To write a balanced chemical reaction following steps should be followed which are given as follows:
- Write the incomplete reaction showing original nucleus with atomic number and mass number and the particle emitted on the left and right side respectively as follows:
- Determine atomic number and mass number or particle emitted on right side as follows:
- The chemical equation is completed using atomic number of new nuclei.
Atomic number: The sum of atomic number on both side must be equal in a chemical reaction. Since, particle emitted during the reaction is
The element having atomic number 53 is Iodine(I).
Now, write the element with its atomic number and mass number to complete the chemical equation as follows:
(d)
Interpretation:
A balanced nuclear equation for decay of curium-243 through a emission should be predicted.
Concept Introduction:
The reactions involving formation of new nucleus with emission of some radiation along with it from an original nucleus are known as nuclear reactions.
To write a nuclear reaction the chemical equation for the reaction must be balanced that is the sum of atomic number and mass number on both the side should be equal.
A radioactive process in which nucleus of an atom emits a particle (

Answer to Problem 39P
The complete nuclear reaction for decay of curium through a emission is represented as follows:
Explanation of Solution
To write a balanced chemical reaction following steps should be followed which are given as follows:
- Write the incomplete reaction showing original nucleus with atomic number and mass number and the particle emitted on the left and right side respectively as follows:
- Determine atomic number and mass number or particle emitted on right side as follows:
- The chemical equation is completed using atomic number of new nuclei.
Atomic number: The sum of atomic number on both side must be equal in a chemical reaction. Since, particle emitted during the reaction is having 2 protons thus atomic number of new nucleus will be obtained by subtracting 2 from atomic number of original nucleus
Mass number: The sum of mass number on both side must be equal in a nuclear equation. Since, the particle emitted during decay of curium is having mass number 4. Thus, mass number of new nuclei will be obtained by subtracting 4 from atomic number of curium as
The element having atomic number 94 is Plutonium (Pu).
Now, write the element with its atomic number and mass number to complete the chemical equation as follows:
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Chapter 10 Solutions
GENERAL,ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM-ACCES
- You are trying to decide if there is a single reagent you can add that will make the following synthesis possible without any other major side products: xi 1. ☑ 2. H₂O хе i Draw the missing reagent X you think will make this synthesis work in the drawing area below. If there is no reagent that will make your desired product in good yield or without complications, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. There is no reagent that will make this synthesis work without complications. : ☐ S ☐arrow_forwardPredict the major products of this organic reaction: H OH 1. LiAlH4 2. H₂O ? Note: be sure you use dash and wedge bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. G C टेarrow_forwardFor each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new C-C bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. NH2 CI MgCl ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No MgBr ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No G टेarrow_forward
- For each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new CC bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. དྲ。 ✗MgBr ? O CI Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new C-C bond? Yes No • ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No × : ☐ Xarrow_forwardPredict the major products of this organic reaction: OH NaBH4 H ? CH3OH Note: be sure you use dash and wedge bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. ☐ : Sarrow_forwardPredict the major products of this organic reaction: 1. LIAIHA 2. H₂O ? Note: be sure you use dash and wedge bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. X : ☐arrow_forward
- For each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new C - C bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. NH2 tu ? ? OH Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No C $ ©arrow_forwardAs the lead product manager at OrganometALEKS Industries, you are trying to decide if the following reaction will make a molecule with a new C-C bond as its major product: 1. MgCl ? 2. H₂O* If this reaction will work, draw the major organic product or products you would expect in the drawing area below. If there's more than one major product, you can draw them in any arrangement you like. Be sure you use wedge and dash bonds if necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. If the major products of this reaction won't have a new CC bond, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. This reaction will not make a product with a new CC bond. G marrow_forwardIncluding activity coefficients, find [Hg22+] in saturated Hg2Br2 in 0.00100 M NH4 Ksp Hg2Br2 = 5.6×10-23.arrow_forward
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