Chemistry: A Molecular Approach
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321809247
Author: Nivaldo J. Tro
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Chapter 10, Problem 36E
Interpretation Introduction
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Consider this step in a radical reaction:
Y
What type of step is this? Check all that apply.
Draw the products of the step on the right-hand side of the drawing area
below. If more than one set of products is possible, draw any set.
Also, draw the mechanism arrows on the left-hand side of the drawing
area to show how this happens.
ionization
propagation
initialization
passivation
none of the above
22.16 The following groups are ortho-para directors.
(a)
-C=CH₂
H
(d)
-Br
(b)
-NH2
(c)
-OCHS
Draw a contributing structure for the resonance-stabilized cation formed during elec-
trophilic aromatic substitution that shows the role of each group in stabilizing the
intermediate by further delocalizing its positive charge.
22.17 Predict the major product or products from treatment of each compound with
Cl₁/FeCl₂-
OH
(b)
NO2
CHO
22.18 How do you account for the fact that phenyl acetate is less reactive toward electro-
philic aromatic substitution than anisole?
Phenyl acetate
Anisole
CH
(d)
Chapter 10 Solutions
Chemistry: A Molecular Approach
Ch. 10 - Prob. 1SAQCh. 10 - Prob. 2SAQCh. 10 - Prob. 3SAQCh. 10 - Prob. 4SAQCh. 10 - Prob. 5SAQCh. 10 - Prob. 6SAQCh. 10 - Prob. 7SAQCh. 10 - Prob. 8SAQCh. 10 - Prob. 9SAQCh. 10 - Q10. Apply molecular orbital theory to predict...
Ch. 10 - Q11. Apply molecular orbital theory to determine...Ch. 10 - Q12. Which hybridization scheme occurs about...Ch. 10 - Q13. Which molecular geometry results when a...Ch. 10 - Prob. 14SAQCh. 10 - Prob. 15SAQCh. 10 - 1. Why is molecular geometry important? Cite some...Ch. 10 - 2. According to VSEPR theory, what determines the...Ch. 10 - 3. Name and sketch the five basic electron...Ch. 10 - 4. Explain the difference between electron...Ch. 10 - 5. Give the correct electron and molecular...Ch. 10 - 6. How do you apply VSEPR theory to predict the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 7ECh. 10 - Prob. 8ECh. 10 - 9. In valence bond theory, what determines the...Ch. 10 - 10. In valence bond theory, the interaction energy...Ch. 10 - Prob. 11ECh. 10 - Prob. 12ECh. 10 - 13. How is the number of hybrid orbitals related...Ch. 10 - Prob. 14ECh. 10 - Prob. 15ECh. 10 - 16. Name the hybridization scheme that corresponds...Ch. 10 - Prob. 17ECh. 10 - Prob. 18ECh. 10 - 19. What is a bonding molecular orbital?
Ch. 10 - 20. What is an antibonding molecular orbital?
Ch. 10 - 21. What is the role of wave interference in...Ch. 10 - Prob. 22ECh. 10 - 23. How is the number of molecular orbitals...Ch. 10 - 24. Sketch each molecular orbital.
a. σ2s
b.
c....Ch. 10 - Prob. 25ECh. 10 - Prob. 26ECh. 10 - Prob. 27ECh. 10 - Prob. 28ECh. 10 - Prob. 29ECh. 10 - 30. Write a short paragraph describing chemical...Ch. 10 - 31. A molecule with the formula AB3 has a trigonal...Ch. 10 - 32. A molecule with the formula AB3 has a trigonal...Ch. 10 - 33. For each molecular geometry, list the number...Ch. 10 - Prob. 34ECh. 10 - 35. Determine the electron geometry, molecular...Ch. 10 - Prob. 36ECh. 10 - 37. Which species has the smaller bond angle, H3O...Ch. 10 - Prob. 38ECh. 10 - 39. Determine the molecular geometry and sketch...Ch. 10 - Prob. 40ECh. 10 - Prob. 41ECh. 10 - Determine the molecular geometry about each...Ch. 10 - 43. Each ball-and-stick model shows the electron...Ch. 10 - 44. Each ball-and-stick model shows the electron...Ch. 10 - 45. Determine the geometry about each interior...Ch. 10 - Prob. 46ECh. 10 - Prob. 47ECh. 10 - Prob. 48ECh. 10 - Prob. 49ECh. 10 - Prob. 50ECh. 10 - Determine whether each molecule is polar or...Ch. 10 - Prob. 52ECh. 10 - 53. The valence electron configurations of several...Ch. 10 - 54. The valence electron configurations of several...Ch. 10 - 55. Write orbital diagrams (boxes with arrows in...Ch. 10 - Prob. 56ECh. 10 - 57. Write orbital diagrams (boxes with arrows in...Ch. 10 - Prob. 58ECh. 10 - 59. Which hybridization scheme allows the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 60ECh. 10 - Prob. 61ECh. 10 - 62. Write a hybridization and bonding scheme for...Ch. 10 - Prob. 63ECh. 10 - Prob. 64ECh. 10 - 65. Write a hybridization and bonding scheme for...Ch. 10 - Write a hybridization and bonding scheme for each...Ch. 10 - 67. Consider the structure of the amino acid...Ch. 10 - 68. Consider the structure of the amino acid...Ch. 10 - 69. Sketch the bonding molecular orbital that...Ch. 10 - Prob. 70ECh. 10 - 71. Draw an MO energy diagram and predict the bond...Ch. 10 - Prob. 72ECh. 10 - Prob. 73ECh. 10 - Prob. 74ECh. 10 - Prob. 75ECh. 10 - 76. Using the molecular orbital energy ordering...Ch. 10 - 77. Use molecular orbital theory to predict if...Ch. 10 - 78. Use molecular orbital theory to predict if...Ch. 10 - Prob. 79ECh. 10 - Prob. 80ECh. 10 - 81. Draw an MO energy diagram for CO. (Use the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 82ECh. 10 - 83. For each compound, draw the Lewis structure,...Ch. 10 - 84. For each compound, draw the Lewis structure,...Ch. 10 - 85. Amino acids are biological compounds that link...Ch. 10 - 86. The genetic code is based on four different...Ch. 10 - 87. The structure of caffeine, present in coffee...Ch. 10 - 88. The structure of acetylsalicylic acid...Ch. 10 - 89. Most vitamins can be classified as either fat...Ch. 10 - 90. Water does not easily remove grease from...Ch. 10 - Prob. 91ECh. 10 - Prob. 92ECh. 10 - 93. Bromine can form compounds or ions with any...Ch. 10 - 94. The compound C3H4 has two double bonds....Ch. 10 - Prob. 95ECh. 10 - Prob. 96ECh. 10 - Prob. 97ECh. 10 - 98. Indicate which orbitals overlap to form the s...Ch. 10 - 99. In VSEPR theory, which uses the Lewis model to...Ch. 10 - 100. The results of a molecular orbital...Ch. 10 - 101. The results of a molecular orbital...Ch. 10 - Prob. 102ECh. 10 - Prob. 103ECh. 10 - Prob. 104ECh. 10 - Prob. 105ECh. 10 - 106. Neither the VSEPR model nor the hybridization...Ch. 10 - 107. Draw the Lewis structure for acetamide...Ch. 10 - Prob. 108ECh. 10 - 109. Which statement best captures the fundamental...Ch. 10 - 110. Suppose that a molecule has four bonding...Ch. 10 - 111. How does each of the three major bonding...Ch. 10 - Prob. 112E
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- Show how to convert ethyl benzene to (a) 2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid and (b) 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid.arrow_forwardHelp me solve this problem. Thank you in advance.arrow_forward22.7 Predict the monoalkylated products of the following reactions with benzene. (a) AlCl3 Ya (b) AlCl3 (c) H3PO4 (d) 22.8 Think-Pair-Share AICI3 The reaction below is a common electrophilic aromatic substitution. SO3 H₂SO4 SO₂H (a) Draw the reaction mechanism for this reaction using HSO,+ as the electrophile. (b) Sketch the reaction coordinate diagram, where the product is lower in energy than the starting reactant. (c) Which step in the reaction mechanism is highest in energy? Explain. (d) Which of the following reaction conditions could be used in an electrophilic aro- matic substitution with benzene to provide substituted phenyl derivatives? (i) AICI3 HNO3 H₂SO4 K2Cr2O7 (iii) H₂SO4 (iv) H₂PO₁arrow_forward
- Is an acid-base reaction the only type of reaction that would cause leavening products to rise?arrow_forwardHelp me understand this! Thank you in advance.arrow_forward22.22 For each compound, indicate which group on the ring is more strongly activating and then draw a structural formula of the major product formed by nitration of the compound. Br CHO (a) CH3 (b) (c) CHO CH3 SO₂H (d) ☑ OCHS NO₂ (e) (f) CO₂H NHCOCH3 NHCOCH, (h) CHS 22.23 The following molecules each contain two aromatic rings. (b) 000-100- H3C (a) (c) Which ring in each undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution more readily? Draw the major product formed on nitration.arrow_forward
- V Consider this step in a radical reaction: Br: ? What type of step is this? Check all that apply. Draw the products of the step on the right-hand side of the drawing area below. If more than one set of products is possible, draw any set. Also, draw the mechanism arrows on the left-hand side of the drawing area to show how this happens. ⚫ionization termination initialization neutralization none of the abc Explanation Check 80 Ο F3 F1 F2 2 F4 01 % do5 $ 94 #3 X 5 C MacBook Air 25 F5 F6 66 ©2025 ˇ F7 29 & 7 8arrow_forwardShow how to convert ethyl benzene to (a) 2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid and (b) 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid.arrow_forwardno aiarrow_forward
- Polymers may be composed of thousands of monomers. Draw three repeat units (trimer) of the polymer formed in this reaction. Assume there are hydrogen atoms there are hydrogen atoms on the two ends of the trimer. Ignore inorganic byproducts.arrow_forwardDraw a tetramer if this alternating copolymer pleasearrow_forwardDraw the monomers required to synthesize this condensation polymer.arrow_forward
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