Chapter 10, Problem 2P

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Open Economy: The economy in which there is no restriction on trade which means that there exists imports and exports. Such an economy is referred as an open economy.

Investment spending: All those spending’s which are done on physical capital which means that the expenses incurred increases the level of physical capital in the economy is known as investment spending.

The formula to calculate investment spending is,

Here,

• I is investment spending.
• GDP is gross domestic product.
• C is consumption spending.
• G is government spending.
• IM is quantity of import.
• X is quantity of export.

Private Saving: It is the saving made by people for the time of emergency or the bad financial conditions.

The formula to calculate private saving is,

Here,

• T is tax revenue.
• GDP is gross domestic product.
• C is consumption spending.

Budget Balance: The budget is considered to be balanced when revenue collected from tax and expenditures made by government are equal. When it is a deficit it is represented by a negative value, when it is a surplus it is represented by a positive value and in case of a balanced budget it is zero.

The formula to calculate budget balance is,

Here,

• T is tax revenue.
• G is government spending.

National Savings: It is defined as the sum of private savings and government savings which is also referred as the budget balance. The formula to calculate national savings is,

Net Capital Inflow: It is the total amount of incoming of all the financial assets into a country which is then deducted from the total outgoing of financial assets out of a country.

The formula to calculate net capital inflow is,

Here,

• IM is quantity of import.
• X is quantity of export.