Introductory Combinatorics
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780134689616
Author: Brualdi, Richard A.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 10, Problem 27E
To determine
To prove: The set
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1. Show that, for any non-negative random variable X,
EX+E+≥2,
X
E max X.
21.
For each real-valued nonprincipal character x mod k, let
A(n) = x(d) and F(x) = Σ
:
dn
* Prove that
F(x) = L(1,x) log x + O(1).
n
By considering appropriate series expansions,
e². e²²/2. e²³/3.
....
=
= 1 + x + x² + ·
...
when |x| < 1.
By expanding each individual exponential term on the left-hand side
the coefficient of x- 19 has the form
and multiplying out,
1/19!1/19+r/s,
where 19 does not divide s. Deduce that
18! 1 (mod 19).
Chapter 10 Solutions
Introductory Combinatorics
Ch. 10 - Prob. 1ECh. 10 - Prob. 2ECh. 10 - Prob. 3ECh. 10 - Prob. 4ECh. 10 - Prove that no two integers in Zn, arithmetic mod...Ch. 10 - Prob. 6ECh. 10 - Prob. 7ECh. 10 - Prob. 8ECh. 10 - Prob. 9ECh. 10 - Determine which integers in Z12 have...
Ch. 10 - Prob. 11ECh. 10 - Prob. 12ECh. 10 - Let n = 2m + 1 be an odd integer with m ≥ 2. Prove...Ch. 10 - Use the algorithm in Section 10.1 to find the GCD...Ch. 10 - For each of the pairs of integers in Exercise 14,...Ch. 10 - Apply the algorithm for the GCD in Section 10.1 to...Ch. 10 - Start with the field Z2 and show that x3 + x + 1...Ch. 10 - Does there exist a BIBD with parameters b = 10, v...Ch. 10 - Prob. 19ECh. 10 - Prob. 20ECh. 10 - Determine the complementary design of the BIBD...Ch. 10 - Prob. 22ECh. 10 - How are the incidence matrices of a BIBD and its...Ch. 10 - Show that a BIBD, with v varieties whose block...Ch. 10 - Prove that a BIBD with parameters b, v, k, r, λ...Ch. 10 - Let B be a difference set in Zn. Show that, for...Ch. 10 - Prob. 27ECh. 10 - Show that B = {0, 1, 3, 9} is a difference set in...Ch. 10 - Prob. 29ECh. 10 - Prob. 30ECh. 10 - Prob. 31ECh. 10 - Prob. 32ECh. 10 - Let t be a positive integer. Use Theorem 10.3.2 to...Ch. 10 - Let t be a positive integer. Prove that, if there...Ch. 10 - Assume a Steiner triple system exists with...Ch. 10 - Prob. 36ECh. 10 - Prove that, if we interchange the rows of a Latin...Ch. 10 - Use the method in Theorem 10.4.2 with n = 6 and r...Ch. 10 - Let n be a positive integer and let r be a nonzero...Ch. 10 - Let n be a positive integer and let r and rʹ be...Ch. 10 - Use the method in Theorem 10.4.2 with n = 8 and r...Ch. 10 - Construct four MOLS of order 5.
Ch. 10 - Prob. 43ECh. 10 - Construct two MOLS of order 9.
Ch. 10 - Prob. 45ECh. 10 - Construct two MOLS of order 8.
Ch. 10 - Prob. 47ECh. 10 - Prob. 48ECh. 10 - Prob. 49ECh. 10 - Let A1 and A2 be MOLS of order m and let B1 and B2...Ch. 10 - Construct a completion of the 3-by-6 Latin...Ch. 10 - Prob. 53ECh. 10 - Prob. 54ECh. 10 - Prob. 55ECh. 10 - Prob. 56ECh. 10 - Prob. 57ECh. 10 - Prob. 58ECh. 10 - Prob. 59ECh. 10 - Prob. 60ECh. 10 - Let , where m is a positive integer. Prove that...
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- Proof: LN⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯LN¯ divides quadrilateral KLMN into two triangles. The sum of the angle measures in each triangle is ˚, so the sum of the angle measures for both triangles is ˚. So, m∠K+m∠L+m∠M+m∠N=m∠K+m∠L+m∠M+m∠N=˚. Because ∠K≅∠M∠K≅∠M and ∠N≅∠L, m∠K=m∠M∠N≅∠L, m∠K=m∠M and m∠N=m∠Lm∠N=m∠L by the definition of congruence. By the Substitution Property of Equality, m∠K+m∠L+m∠K+m∠L=m∠K+m∠L+m∠K+m∠L=°,°, so (m∠K)+ m∠K+ (m∠L)= m∠L= ˚. Dividing each side by gives m∠K+m∠L=m∠K+m∠L= °.°. The consecutive angles are supplementary, so KN⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯∥LM⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯KN¯∥LM¯ by the Converse of the Consecutive Interior Angles Theorem. Likewise, (m∠K)+m∠K+ (m∠N)=m∠N= ˚, or m∠K+m∠N=m∠K+m∠N= ˚. So these consecutive angles are supplementary and KL⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯∥NM⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯KL¯∥NM¯ by the Converse of the Consecutive Interior Angles Theorem. Opposite sides are parallel, so quadrilateral KLMN is a parallelogram.arrow_forwardBy considering appropriate series expansions, ex · ex²/2 . ¸²³/³ . . .. = = 1 + x + x² +…… when |x| < 1. By expanding each individual exponential term on the left-hand side and multiplying out, show that the coefficient of x 19 has the form 1/19!+1/19+r/s, where 19 does not divide s.arrow_forwardLet 1 1 r 1+ + + 2 3 + = 823 823s Without calculating the left-hand side, prove that r = s (mod 823³).arrow_forward
- For each real-valued nonprincipal character X mod 16, verify that L(1,x) 0.arrow_forward*Construct a table of values for all the nonprincipal Dirichlet characters mod 16. Verify from your table that Σ x(3)=0 and Χ mod 16 Σ χ(11) = 0. x mod 16arrow_forwardFor each real-valued nonprincipal character x mod 16, verify that A(225) > 1. (Recall that A(n) = Σx(d).) d\narrow_forward
- 24. Prove the following multiplicative property of the gcd: a k b h (ah, bk) = (a, b)(h, k)| \(a, b)' (h, k) \(a, b)' (h, k) In particular this shows that (ah, bk) = (a, k)(b, h) whenever (a, b) = (h, k) = 1.arrow_forward20. Let d = (826, 1890). Use the Euclidean algorithm to compute d, then express d as a linear combination of 826 and 1890.arrow_forwardLet 1 1+ + + + 2 3 1 r 823 823s Without calculating the left-hand side, Find one solution of the polynomial congruence 3x²+2x+100 = 0 (mod 343). Ts (mod 8233).arrow_forward
- By considering appropriate series expansions, prove that ez · e²²/2 . e²³/3 . ... = 1 + x + x² + · ·. when <1.arrow_forwardProve that Σ prime p≤x p=3 (mod 10) 1 Р = for some constant A. log log x + A+O 1 log x ,arrow_forwardLet Σ 1 and g(x) = Σ logp. f(x) = prime p≤x p=3 (mod 10) prime p≤x p=3 (mod 10) g(x) = f(x) logx - Ր _☑ t¯¹ƒ(t) dt. Assuming that f(x) ~ 1½π(x), prove that g(x) ~ 1x. 米 (You may assume the Prime Number Theorem: 7(x) ~ x/log x.) *arrow_forward
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