BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781264839698
Author: Raven
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Chapter 10, Problem 1S
Regulation of the cell cycle is very complex and involves multiple proteins. In yeast, a complex of cdc2 and a mitotic cyclin is responsible for moving the cell past the G2/M checkpoint. The activity of the cyclin-dependent kinase cdc2 is inhibited when it is phosphorylated by the kinase, Wee-1. What would you predict would be the
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Modify the diagram above to illustrate specific protein(s) that would participate in regulating this pathway if DNA damage was detected in these cells. What effect would this have on the progression of the cell cycle? If there is more than one possible outcome be sure to outline each one.
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Chapter 10 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 10.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 10.2 - Distinguish between homologues and sister...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 10.3 - Describe the eukaryotic cell cycle.Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 10.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 10.5 - Describe the phases of mitosis.Ch. 10.5 - Explain the importance of metaphase.Ch. 10.5 - Compare cytokinesis in plants and animals.
Ch. 10.6 - Prob. 1LOCh. 10.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 10.7 - Prob. 1LOCh. 10.7 - Prob. 2LOCh. 10 - Binary fission in prokaryotes does not require the...Ch. 10 - Chromatin is composed of a. RNA and protein. b....Ch. 10 - What is a nucleosome? a. A region in the cells...Ch. 10 - What is the role of cohesin proteins in cell...Ch. 10 - The kinetochore is a structure that functions to...Ch. 10 - Separation of the sister chromatids occurs during...Ch. 10 - Why is cytokinesis an important part of cell...Ch. 10 - What steps in the cell cycle represent...Ch. 10 - Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are regulated by...Ch. 10 - Prob. 2ACh. 10 - Genetically, proto-oncogenes act in a dominant...Ch. 10 - The metaphase to anaphase transition involves a....Ch. 10 - The main difference between bacterial cell...Ch. 10 - In animal cells, cytokinesis is accomplished by a...Ch. 10 - Regulation of the cell cycle is very complex and...Ch. 10 - Review you knowledge of signaling pathways...Ch. 10 - Compare and contrast how mutations in cellular...
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- Which of the following statements is a lie?Select one: a. If damaged DNA is detected during the cell cycle, negative regulation is responsible in stopping the cell cycle. b. There are four cyclin proteins involved in the positive regulation of the cell cycle and they have fluctuating levels. c. To activate cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), they must bind to another kinase.arrow_forwardWhat do you think would happen to the cell cycle of cells that contain a point mutation in the S- Cdk gene that causes S-Cdk to lose its kinase activity? Explain. You genetically engineer a cell line so that the S-Cyclin gene promoter is replaced with the promoter of S-Cdk. How do you think the cell cycle would be affected by this change? Explain.arrow_forwardWhen regulating the cell cycle of eukaryotic cells, a critical protein we discussed was cyclin. Cyclin is Select one: a. Always present in all stages of the cell cycle, but only active during the G1 - R transition b. Produced in response to signals for the cell to divide c. Produced only when retinoblastoma protein is inactivated d. Produced in response to the presence of cyclin-dependent kinasearrow_forward
- During cell division cycle, cells need to monitor the process of DNA replication and segregation of replicated DNA so that these processes are error-free. Some potential errors that could occur include incomplete DNA replication, DNA damage in genome, and uneven separation of replicated genome. These mechanisms that cells used to monitor these processes are referred as the "cell cycle checkpoint, which can control specific Cdk activity to regulate the progression of cell cycle. For the following checkpoint mechanisms, indicate which Cdk activity is attenuated? Also indicate one of the key proteins or protein complexes involved in the following checkpoints. a) DNA damage checkpoint during S-phase b) Mitotic checkpoint during M-phasearrow_forwardImagine that there are mutations in the CDK genes such that their gene products are nonfunctional. What effect would this mutation have on an immature unspecialized blood cell precursor found in the bone marrow? The cell would not be able to reproduce itself. The cell would complete the cell cycle using cyclins in the absence of CDKS. The cell would be able to replicate its DNA but not translate DNA into RNA. The cell would be able to enter mitosis but not complete it. The cell would still phosphorylate the CDK-associated target proteins, and would do so more quickly.arrow_forwardAfter DNA damage (e.g. caused by X-ray exposure) in eukaryotic cells, the cell cycle can be arrested by the stabilisation of the protein which drives the transcription of the gene, whose protein product interacts with the G1/S-Cdk and S-Cdk complexes. O PDGF, acetyltransferase O phenylalanine hydraxylase, PDGF O p53, acetyltransferase O p53, p21 O p21. p53arrow_forward
- In the following study, the investigators wanted to determine the role of cyclin B in controlling the cell cycle. Earlier researchers had found that extracts made from frog eggs (Xenopus) contained all the necessary proteins and machinery required for DNA replication. This included proteins that regulated the mitosis promoting factor (MPF). At the time of this study, cyclin B was show to affect MPF activity and the research group wanted to test using Xenopus egg extract in an assay. In Figure 1 (a) MPF activity was tested for its ability to phosphorylate Histone (H1) in sperm chromatin over a certain period of time. Additionally, the cyclin B concentration in the extract was measured. In figure 1b, the extract was tested after treatment with RNase which degraded only the mRNA and not RNA or FRNA in the extract. Knowing that cyclin B is a short-lived protein, why do you suppose the graph shows the results you see in figure 1b?arrow_forwardIn mammalian cells, different cyclin-CDK complexes regulate progression of cells through the cell cycle. Which of the following would be true during the cell cycle? Select all that apply Cyclin D phosphorylates and activates MCM protein, a helicase Cyclin B phosphorylates and breaks down the nuclear lamina OThe anaphase promoting complex, or APC/C is phosphorylated and activated by cyclin B Cyclin D helps promotes passage through the restriction pointarrow_forwardTo identify genes controlling the cell cycle in budding yeast, a genetic screen was carried out. In this screen, haploid yeast cells were exposed to a DNA damaging agent to introduce random mutations in the genome. By culturing cells at an elevated temperature (e.g. 37 degrees), where many mutated genes lose their function, scientists identified yeast mutants that showed growth defects and arrest at specific stages of the cell cycle (e.g. in mitosis with large buds). In this screen, mutants of the cyclin-dependent kinase were identified, but not mutants of cyclins. Explain the reason for this outcome.arrow_forward
- You are studying three proteins that you think are important Yor progression through the cell cycle. You know that one of them is a phosphatase (P1) and the other two are kinases ( K1 and K2). You add these enzymes in different combinations as shown below, and find that they have different effects on the activity of a cyclin dependent kinase, cdk2p. cdk2p Inactive Active cdk2p + K1 cdk2p + K2 Inactive cdk2p + K1 + K2 Inactive cdk2p + P1 cdk2p + P1 + K2 cdk2p + P1 + K1 Inactive Inactive Active cdk2p + P1 + K1 + K2 Activearrow_forwardMaturation promoting factor, MPF, is a cyclin-CDK complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of other proteins to start mitosis. The activity level of MPF is dependent on the relative concentrations of the cyclin and CDK components of MPF (Figure 1). Based on Figure 1, which of the following describes the role of cyclin in the regulation of the cell cycle? a.During S phase, the cyclin level remains the same because DNA replication is occurring. b.During G2 phase, the cyclin level remains low, causing MPF activity to decrease, which leads cells to initiate mitosis. c.During G1 phase, the cyclin level decreases to signal the start of the resting phase of the cell cycle. d.During M phase, the cyclin level peaks, resulting in an increased binding frequency with CDK.arrow_forwardWhat aspects of the cell cycle are controlled by the G1, G2, and M checkpoints? How are cyclins and cyclin-dependent protein kinases involved in cell cycle regulation at checkpoints?arrow_forward
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