BIOCHEMISTRY (LL)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781337805100
Author: Campbell
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 1RE
RECALL Define replication, transcription, and translation.
Expert Solution & Answer
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The terms “replication,” “transcription,” and “translation” are to be defined.
Concept introduction:
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material present inside the nucleus of a cell. The cell division process involves the formation of new cells and the copying of DNA into the new cells before cell division. The cells synthesize a new copy of DNA in the S phase of the cell cycle.
DNA contains all the information and regulates all the processes occurring in the body of a living organism. It is a double-stranded molecule consisting of two polynucleotide chains that run in the antiparallel polarity.
Answer to Problem 1RE
Solution:
Replication is the process of the formation of new DNA using the template DNA by the DNA polymerase enzyme. Transcription is the process by which RNA (ribonucleic acid) is formed from DNA. Translation is the process in which the synthesis of proteins occurs, which is directed by the mRNA (messenger RNA)
Explanation of Solution
Replication is a biological process by which a copy of the DNA is produced by using the template DNA. The template DNA serves as a guide to determine the sequence of a nitrogen base and the formed strand of DNA that contains the complementary bases to that of the template DNA.
DNA is used to synthesize RNA, the process of which is known as transcription. Transcription also uses a DNA template to determine the sequence of RNA, but, in the place of thymine, uracil is paired with adenine in RNA. RNA is single stranded and used to form proteins.
The formation of protein from RNA is known as translation. The messenger RNA (mRNA) acts as the template, the transfer RNA (tRNA) carries the amino acids, and the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) plays a structural and catalytic role in protein synthesis.
Conclusion
Therefore, it can be concluded that replication is the formation of DNA, transcription is the formation of RNA from DNA, and translation is the formation of proteins from mRNA. The process of translation needs other RNAs as well.
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Chapter 10 Solutions
BIOCHEMISTRY (LL)
Ch. 10 - RECALL Define replication, transcription, and...Ch. 10 - REFLECT AND APPLY Is the following statement true...Ch. 10 - REFLECT AND APPLY Why is it more important for DNA...Ch. 10 - RECALL Why is the replication of DNA referred to...Ch. 10 - RECALL What is a replication fork? Why is it...Ch. 10 - Prob. 6RECh. 10 - RECALL Why is it necessary to unwind the DNA helix...Ch. 10 - REFLECT AND APPLY In the MeselsonStahl experiment...Ch. 10 - REFLECT AND APPLY Suggest a reason why it would be...Ch. 10 - RECALL Do DNA-polymerase enzymes also function as...
Ch. 10 - RECALL Compare and contrast the properties of the...Ch. 10 - REFLECT AND APPLY Define processivity, and...Ch. 10 - REFLECT AND APPLY Comment on the dual role of the...Ch. 10 - REFLECT AND APPLY What is the importance of...Ch. 10 - REFLECT AND APPLY DNA synthesis always takes place...Ch. 10 - REFLECT AND APPLY What would happen to the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 17RECh. 10 - REFLECT AND APPLY Why is it not surprising that...Ch. 10 - Prob. 19RECh. 10 - RECALL List the substances required for...Ch. 10 - RECALL Describe the discontinuous synthesis of the...Ch. 10 - RECALL What are the functions of the gyrase,...Ch. 10 - RECALL Single-stranded regions of DNA are attacked...Ch. 10 - RECALL Describe the role of DNA ligase in the...Ch. 10 - RECALL What is the primer in DNA replication?Ch. 10 - Prob. 26RECh. 10 - REFLECT AND APPLY Why is a short RNA primer needed...Ch. 10 - Prob. 28RECh. 10 - RECALL What was the recent change in the estimated...Ch. 10 - Prob. 30RECh. 10 - RECALL Why is a clamp loader necessary in...Ch. 10 - RECALL How does proofreading take place in the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 33RECh. 10 - Prob. 34RECh. 10 - BIOCHEMICAL CONNECTIONS Of what benefit is it for...Ch. 10 - REFLECT AND APPLY Your book contains about 2...Ch. 10 - REFLECT AND APPLY E. coli incorporates...Ch. 10 - REFLECT AND APPLY Given the typing speed from...Ch. 10 - Prob. 39RECh. 10 - REFLECT AND APPLY How can breakdown in DNA repair...Ch. 10 - Prob. 41RECh. 10 - RECALL What is a direct way of repairing...Ch. 10 - Prob. 43RECh. 10 - Prob. 44RECh. 10 - Prob. 45RECh. 10 - Prob. 46RECh. 10 - RECALL How did Messelson and Weigle demonstrate...Ch. 10 - Prob. 48RECh. 10 - RECALL What is the Holliday Model?Ch. 10 - RECALL Do eukaryotes have fewer origins of...Ch. 10 - RECALL How does DNA replication in eukaryotes...Ch. 10 - Prob. 52RECh. 10 - REFLECT AND APPLY (a) Eukaryotic DNA replication...Ch. 10 - Prob. 54RECh. 10 - Prob. 55RECh. 10 - Prob. 56RECh. 10 - Prob. 57RECh. 10 - Prob. 58RECh. 10 - Prob. 59RECh. 10 - Prob. 60RECh. 10 - Prob. 61RECh. 10 - Prob. 62RECh. 10 - Prob. 63RECh. 10 - Prob. 64RE
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