Chapter 10, Problem 15PE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element correspond to the orbital diagram (a) has to be given.

Explanation of Solution

The orbital diagram is,

  $\begin{array}{c}\uparrow \downarrow \begin{array}{c}\uparrow \downarrow \begin{array}{ccc}\uparrow \downarrow & \uparrow \downarrow & \uparrow \begin{array}{c}\uparrow \end{array}\end{array}\end{array}\end{array}$

The correct orbital diagrams of (a) is,

The total number of electrons in the orbital diagram is $\text{10}\text{.}$  The element with ten electrons is Neon.  The electronic configuration of neon is ${\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}\text{.}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element corresponds orbital diagram (b) has to be given.

Explanation of Solution

The orbital diagram is,

  $\begin{array}{c}\uparrow \downarrow \begin{array}{c}\uparrow \downarrow \begin{array}{ccc}\uparrow \downarrow & \uparrow \downarrow & \uparrow \downarrow \begin{array}{c}\uparrow \end{array}\downarrow \begin{array}{ccc}\uparrow & \uparrow & \uparrow \end{array}\end{array}\end{array}\end{array}$

The total number of electrons in the orbital diagram is $\text{15}\text{.}$  The element with ten electrons is Phosphorous.

The electronic configuration of Phosphorous is ${\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^3\text{.}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element which corresponds to the orbital diagram (c) has to be given.

Explanation of Solution

The orbital diagram is,

  $\begin{array}{c}\uparrow \downarrow \begin{array}{c}\uparrow \downarrow \begin{array}{ccc}\uparrow \downarrow & \uparrow \downarrow & \uparrow \downarrow \begin{array}{c}\uparrow \end{array}\downarrow \begin{array}{ccc}\uparrow \downarrow & \uparrow \downarrow & \uparrow \downarrow \begin{array}{ccccc}\uparrow \downarrow & \uparrow \downarrow & \uparrow \downarrow & \uparrow \downarrow & \uparrow \downarrow \begin{array}{ccc}\uparrow & & \end{array}\end{array}\end{array}\end{array}\end{array}\end{array}$

The total number of electrons in the orbital diagram is $\text{31}\text{.}$  The element with $\text{31}$ electrons is Gallium.

The electronic configuration of Gallium is ${\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{4s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3d}}^{\text{10}}{\text{4p}}^{\text{1}}\text{.}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element which correspond to the orbital diagram (d) is,

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Explanation of Solution

The orbital diagram is,

  $\begin{array}{c}\uparrow \downarrow \begin{array}{c}\uparrow \downarrow \begin{array}{ccc}\uparrow \downarrow & \uparrow \downarrow & \uparrow \downarrow \begin{array}{c}\uparrow \end{array}\downarrow \begin{array}{ccc}\uparrow \downarrow & \uparrow \downarrow & \uparrow \downarrow \begin{array}{ccccc}\uparrow \downarrow & \uparrow \downarrow & \uparrow & & \end{array}\end{array}\end{array}\end{array}\end{array}$

The correct orbital diagrams of (d) is,

The total number of electrons in the orbital diagram is $\text{25}\text{.}$  The element with $25$ electrons is Manganese.

The electronic configuration of Manganese is ${\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{4s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3d}}^5\text{.}$