Chapter 10, Problem 15CI

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The formula of the sodium hypochlorite and its molar mass needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction : In the chemical reaction, reactant molecules react to form products. The yield of product can be calculated with the help of mole concept. According to mole concept:

  $n=\frac{m}{M}$

Here, m is mass in grams and M is molar mass in grams per mol.

Also, according to Avogadro’s law,

1 mole = $6.022\times {10}^{23}$ atoms or molecules

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The Lewis structure of hypochlorite ion needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction : The Lewis dot structure is the representation of a molecule or compound in which atoms are arranged or bonded in such a way that all the atoms have complete octets.

The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons between them while the remaining outer electrons are denoted as lone pair of electrons.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The number of hypochlorite ion needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction : In the chemical reaction, reactant molecules react to form products. The yield of product can be calculated with the help of mole concept. According to mole concept:

  $n=\frac{m}{M}$

Here, m is mass in grams and M is molar mass in grams per mol.

Also, according to Avogadro’s law,

1 mole = $6.022\times {10}^{23}$ atoms or molecules

The percent yield of a reaction can be calculated as follows:

  $\text{Percent yield=}\frac{\text{Actual yield}}{\text{theoretical yield}}\times \text{ 100\%}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The balanced chemical reaction of bleach formation needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction : A chemical equation is said to be balanced if there are equal number of atoms of a kind in both the reactants as well as the products.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The mass of NaOH needed to produce sodium hypochlorite for given volume of bleach.

Concept Introduction : The mass is related to density as follows:

  $d=\frac{m}{V}$

Here, m is mass and V is volume.

In the chemical reaction, reactant molecules react to form products. The yield of product can be calculated with the help of mole concept. According to mole concept:

  $n=\frac{m}{M}$

Here, m is mass in grams and M is molar mass in grams per mol.

Also, according to Avogadro’s law,

1 mole = $6.022\times {10}^{23}$ atoms or molecules

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The percent yield of the sodium hypochlorite needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction : The yield of product can be calculated with the help of mole concept. According to mole concept:

  $n=\frac{m}{M}$

Here, m is mass in grams and M is molar mass in grams per mol.

Also, according to Avogadro’s law,

1 mole = $6.022\times {10}^{23}$ atoms or molecules

The percent yield of a reaction can be calculated as follows:

  $\text{Percent yield=}\frac{\text{Actual yield}}{\text{theoretical yield}}\times \text{ 100\%}$