Chapter 10, Problem 11P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structural formula is required for Hydrogen peroxide (${\text{H}}_2{\text{O}}_2$) with the help of Lewis Model.

Concept Introduction:

The structure formula is the representation of the position of its atoms present in molecules along with the bonds which are present in between the atoms of molecule. There are two model which can help to detemine the sturcture of molecule: Lewis Model and VSEPR Model- The valence-shell electron-pair repulsion model.

Answer to Problem 11P

Following is structure formula of Hydrogen peroxide (${\text{H}}_2{\text{O}}_2$):

1. Oxygen can form two covalent bonds and there are two unshared pair of electron present on each oxygen atom. Here both oxygen atoms are joined forming one single bond with hydrogen and two pairs are represnted with dots which is completing octet of oxygen.
2. Hydrogen atom can form one covalent bond and there is no unshared pair of electron. Both hydrogen atoms are bonded with oxygen atoms and completing their octet.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of any atom is prepared with the help of Lewis model which explains guideline for bonding of atom. It guides about the covalent bonds which are formed in various combinations of single, double and triple bonds.

For several covalent bonds in organic compound containing carbon bonded to hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine and oxygen shows some important points to be noted for structure are as follow:

1. Carbon forms four covalent bonds while hydrogen form one covalent bond and both has no unshared pair of electrons.
2. Three covalent bonds are formed in nitrogen atom with only one unshared pair of electron left behind.
3. Oxygen can form two covalent bonds and have further more two unshared pair of electron.
4. Iodine, chlorine, bromine and fluorine like halogens can form only one covalent bond like hydrogen but they have three unshared pair of electrons.

Following is structure formula of Hydrogen peroxide (${\text{H}}_2{\text{O}}_2$):

1. Oxygen can form two covalent bonds and there are two unshared pair of electron present on each oxygen atom. Here both oxygen atoms are joined forming one single bond with hydrogen and two pairs are represnted with dots which is completing octet of oxygen.
2. Hydrogen atom can form one covalent bond and there is no unshared pair of electron. Both hydrogen atoms are bonded with oxygen atoms and completing their octet.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structural formula is required for Hydrazine (${\text{N}}_2{\text{H}}_4$) with the help of Lewis Model.

Concept Introduction:

The structure formula is the representation of the position of its atoms present in molecules along with the bonds which are present in between the atoms of molecule. There are two model which can help to detemine the sturcture of molecule: Lewis Model and VSEPR Model- The valence-shell electron-pair repulsion model.

Answer to Problem 11P

Following is structural formula for Hydrazine (${\text{N}}_2{\text{H}}_4$):

1. In hydrazine, both nitrogen atoms are bonded together with single bond and have one unshared pair of electron represented as two dots on each nitrogen atom. Both nitrogen atoms has also formed single bonds with two hydrogen atoms each and completing their octet.
2. All hydrogen atoms are bonded with nitrogen atoms and formed single bonds.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of any atom is prepared with the help of Lewis model which explains guideline for bonding of atom. It guides about the covalent bonds which are formed in various combinations of single, double and triple bonds.

For several covalent bonds in organic compound containing carbon bonded to hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine and oxygen shows some important points to be noted for structure are as follow:

1. Carbon forms four covalent bonds while hydrogen form one covalent bond and both has no unshared pair of electrons.
2. Three covalent bonds are formed in nitrogen atom with only one unshared pair of electron left behind.
3. Oxygen can form two covalent bonds and have further more two unshared pair of electron.
4. Iodine, chlorine, bromine and fluorine like halogens can form only one covalent bond like hydrogen but they have three unshared pair of electrons.

Following is structural formula for Hydrazine (${\text{N}}_2{\text{H}}_4$):

1. In hydrazine, both nitrogen atoms are bonded together with single bond and have one unshared pair of electron represented as two dots on each nitrogen atom. Both nitrogen atoms has also formed single bonds with two hydrogen atoms each and completing their octet.
2. All hydrogen atoms are bonded with nitrogen atoms and formed single bonds.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structural formula is required for Methanol ($\text{C}{\text{H}}_3\text{O}\text{H}$) with the help of Lewis Model.

Concept Introduction:

The structure formula is the representation of the position of its atoms present in molecules along with the bonds which are present in between the atoms of molecule. There are two model which can help to detemine the sturcture of molecule: Lewis Model and VSEPR Model- The valence-shell electron-pair repulsion model.

Answer to Problem 11P

Following is structural formula for Methanol ($\text{C}{\text{H}}_3\text{O}\text{H}$):

1. Methanol has one oxygen atom which has two single bonds with hydrogen and carbon and two unshared pair of electrons is represented with dots over oxygen symbol.
2. Three hydrogen atoms are bonded with carbon atoms and formed single bonds whereas rest hydrogen is bonded with oxygen and forming single bond.
3. Carbon atom is linked with three hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom forming total four single bonds and there is no unshared pair of electron with it.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of any atom is prepared with the help of Lewis model which explains guideline for bonding of atom. It guides about the covalent bonds which are formed in various combinations of single, double and triple bonds.

For several covalent bonds in organic compound containing carbon bonded to hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine and oxygen shows some important points to be noted for structure are as follow:

1. Carbon forms four covalent bonds while hydrogen form one covalent bond and both has no unshared pair of electrons.
2. Three covalent bonds are formed in nitrogen atom with only one unshared pair of electron left behind.
3. Oxygen can form two covalent bonds and have further more two unshared pair of electron.
4. Iodine, chlorine, bromine and fluorine like halogens can form only one covalent bond like hydrogen but they have three unshared pair of electrons.

Following is structural formula for Methanol ($\text{C}{\text{H}}_3\text{O}\text{H}$):

1. Methanol has one oxygen atom which has two single bonds with hydrogen and carbon and two unshared pair of electrons is represented with dots over oxygen symbol.
2. Three hydrogen atoms are bonded with carbon atoms and formed single bonds whereas rest hydrogen is bonded with oxygen and forming single bond.
3. Carbon atom is linked with three hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom forming total four single bonds and there is no unshared pair of electron with it.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structural formula is required for Methanethiol ($\text{C}{\text{H}}_{3}S\text{H}$) with the help of Lewis Model.

Concept Introduction:

The structure formula is the representation of the position of its atoms present in molecules along with the bonds which are present in between the atoms of molecule. There are two model which can help to detemine the sturcture of molecule: Lewis Model and VSEPR Model- The valence-shell electron-pair repulsion model.

Answer to Problem 11P

Following is structural formula for Methanethiol ($\text{C}{\text{H}}_{3}S\text{H}$):

1. In Methanethiol, carbon atom is linked with one sulphur and three hydrogen atoms forming four single bonds and completing its octet.
2. One hydrogen atom has formed single bond with sulphur whereas three hydrogen atoms has formed single bonds with carbon and completed their octet.
3. Sulphur has two unshared pair of electrons and two single bonds with hydrogen and carbon.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of any atom is prepared with the help of Lewis model which explains guideline for bonding of atom. It guides about the covalent bonds which are formed in various combinations of single, double and triple bonds.

For several covalent bonds in organic compound containing carbon bonded to hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine and oxygen shows some important points to be noted for structure are as follow:

1. Carbon forms four covalent bonds while hydrogen form one covalent bond and both has no unshared pair of electrons
2. Three covalent bonds are formed in nitrogen atom with only one unshared pair of electron left behind.
3. Oxygen can form two covalent bonds and have further more two unshared pair of electron.

Following is structural formula for Methanethiol ($\text{C}{\text{H}}_{3}S\text{H}$):

1. In Methanethiol, carbon atom is linked with one sulphur and three hydrogen atoms forming four single bonds and completing its octet.
2. One hydrogen atom has formed single bond with sulphur whereas three hydrogen atoms has formed single bonds with carbon and completed their octet.
3. Sulphur has two unshared pair of electrons and two single bonds with hydrogen and carbon.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The structural formula is required for Methylamine ($\text{C}{\text{H}}_3\text{N}{\text{H}}_2$) with the help of Lewis Model.

Concept Introduction:

The structure formula is the representation of the position of its atoms present in molecules along with the bonds which are present in between the atoms of molecule. There are two model which can help to detemine the sturcture of molecule: Lewis Model and VSEPR Model- The valence-shell electron-pair repulsion model.

Answer to Problem 11P

Following is structural formula for Methylamine ($\text{C}{\text{H}}_3\text{N}{\text{H}}_2$):

1. Nitrogen atom in methylamine is linked with carbon and two hydrogen atoms through single bonds and one unshared pair of electrons is seen on symbol of atom.
2. Carbon atom has one single bond with nitrogen atom and three single bonds with hydrogen atoms which results into completion of octet of carbon with no unshared pair of electron.
3. Total five hydrogen atoms are present in methylamine from which two hydrogen atoms have single bonds with nitrogen atoms and three hydrogen atoms have single bond with carbon atoms and completing their octet.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of any atom is prepared with the help of Lewis model which explains guideline for bonding of atom. It guides about the covalent bonds which are formed in various combinations of single, double and triple bonds.

For several covalent bonds in organic compound containing carbon bonded to hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine and oxygen shows some important points to be noted for structure are as follow:

1. Carbon forms four covalent bonds while hydrogen form one covalent bond and both has no unshared pair of electrons.
2. Three covalent bonds are formed in nitrogen atom with only one unshared pair of electron left behind.
3. Oxygen can form two covalent bonds and have further more two unshared pair of electron.
4. Iodine, chlorine, bromine and fluorine like halogens can form only one covalent bond like hydrogen but they have three unshared pair of electrons.

Following is structural formula for Methylamine ($\text{C}{\text{H}}_3\text{N}{\text{H}}_2$):

1. Nitrogen atom in methylamine is linked with carbon and two hydrogen atoms through single bonds and one unshared pair of electrons is seen on symbol of atom.
2. Carbon atom has one single bond with nitrogen atom and three single bonds with hydrogen atoms which results into completion of octet of carbon with no unshared pair of electron.
3. Total five hydrogen atoms are present in methylamine from which two hydrogen atoms have single bonds with nitrogen atoms and three hydrogen atoms have single bond with carbon atoms and completing their octet.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The structural formula is required for Chloromethane ($\text{C}{\text{H}}_3\text{C}\text{l}$) with the help of Lewis Model.

Concept Introduction:

The structure formula is the representation of the position of its atoms present in molecules along with the bonds which are present in between the atoms of molecule. There are two model which can help to detemine the sturcture of molecule: Lewis Model and VSEPR Model- The valence-shell electron-pair repulsion model.

Answer to Problem 11P

Following is structural formula for Chloromethane ($\text{C}{\text{H}}_3\text{C}\text{l}$):

1. Chloromethane has halogen atom as chlorine which is linked with carbon atom and forming single bond and has three unshared pair of electrons.
2. Carbon completes its octet by forming three single bonds with three hydrogen atoms and one single bond with chlorine.
3. All three hydrogen forms single-single bonds with carbon and fills their octet.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of any atom is prepared with the help of Lewis model which explains guideline for bonding of atom. It guides about the covalent bonds which are formed in various combinations of single, double and triple bonds.

For several covalent bonds in organic compound containing carbon bonded to hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine and oxygen shows some important points to be noted for structure are as follow:

1. Carbon forms four covalent bonds while hydrogen form one covalent bond and both has no unshared pair of electrons.
2. Three covalent bonds are formed in nitrogen atom with only one unshared pair of electron left behind.
3. Oxygen can form two covalent bonds and have further more two unshared pair of electron.
4. Iodine, chlorine, bromine and fluorine like halogens can form only one covalent bond like hydrogen but they have three unshared pair of electrons.

Following is structural formula for Chloromethane ($\text{C}{\text{H}}_3\text{C}\text{l}$):

1. Chloromethane has halogen atom as chlorine which is linked with carbon atom and forming single bond and has three unshared pair of electrons.
2. Carbon completes its octet by forming three single bonds with three hydrogen atoms and one single bond with chlorine.
3. All three hydrogen forms single-single bonds with carbon and fills their octet.