Pessimistic locking: It is one of the locking methods in concurrency control. The lock exists in the transaction until the transaction gets committed or rolled back. Two-phase locking protocol: It defined the serializability of the transaction but not prevent deadlocks. The process of locking and unlocking can be done using two phases in this protocol. They are: Growing phase and shrinking phase. Growing phase: New lock can be occurred on the transaction without unlocking the data items. The data items are locked in this phase. Shrinking phase: This phase used to release all transaction but not provide new lock on the transaction. Row-level lock granularity: This row-level locking process used to lock the single row in the table. It is used to improve the availability of data and involving in transaction conflict.

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automata theory

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Chapter 10, Problem 11P

Program Plan Intro

Pessimistic locking:

It is one of the locking methods in concurrency control. The lock exists in the transaction until the transaction gets committed or rolled back.

Two-phase locking protocol:

It defined the serializability of the transaction but not prevent deadlocks. The process of locking and unlocking can be done using two phases in this protocol. They are: Growing phase and shrinking phase.

Growing phase:

New lock can be occurred on the transaction without unlocking the data items. The data items are locked in this phase.

Shrinking phase:

This phase used to release all transaction but not provide new lock on the transaction.

Row-level lock granularity:

This row-level locking process used to lock the single row in the table. It is used to improve the availability of data and involving in transaction conflict.

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