Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The best possible Lewis structure for free radical
Concept Introduction:
Free radicals are the molecules that contain the unpaired electrons.
A Lewis structure is used to represent the valence electrons of an atom and the bonds present in a molecule.
Dots in the Lewis structure represent the valence electrons.
Total number of electrons for Lewis structure can be calculated by summing the valence electrons of each atom in the molecule.
Once a Lewis structure is drawn, it is possible to identify the shape of the molecule using the VSEPR theory.
VSEPR stand for valence shell electron pair repulsion theory. It uses chemical formula, number of bonds and lone pairs to predict the shape of molecules.
A lone pair of electron means that it is has two electrons.
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Introductory Chemistry (6th Edition)
- Successive substitution of F atoms for H atoms in the molecule NH3 produces the molecules NH2F, NHF2, and NF3. a. Draw Lewis structures for each of the four molecules. b. Using VSEPR theory, predict the geometry of each of the four molecules. c. Specify the polarity (polar or nonpolar) for each of the four molecules.arrow_forwardFormamide, HC(O)NH2, is prepared at high pressures from carbon monoxide and ammonia, and serves as an industrial solvent (the parentheses around the O indicate that it is bonded only to the carbon atom and that the carbon atom is also bonded to the H and the N atoms). Two resonance forms (one with formal charges) can be written for formamide. Write both resonance structures, and predict the bond angles about the carbon and nitrogen atoms for each resonance form. Are they the same? Describe how the experimental determination of the HNH bond angle could be used to indicate which resonance form is more important.arrow_forwardWrite Lewis structures for these ions. Show all valence electrons and all formal charges. (a) Amide ion, NH2 (b) Bicarbonate ion, HCO3 (c) Carbonate ion, CO32 (d) Nitrate ion, NO3 (e) Formate ion, HCOO (f) Acetate ion, CH3COOarrow_forward
- Draw Lewis structures showing all valence electrons for these molecules. (a) C2H6 (b) CS2 (c) HCNarrow_forwardTwo different molecules have the formula C2H6O. One of the molecules has the oxygen atom bonded to both carbon atoms. The other molecule has the oxygen atom bonded to only one carbon atom while both carbon atoms are bonded to each other. Write Lewis structures for both of these compounds.arrow_forwarda Carbonyl fluoride, COF2, is an extremely poisonous gas used in organofluorine synthesis. Give the valence bond description of the carbonyl fluoride molecule. (Both fluorine atoms are attached to the carbon atom.) b Nitrogen, N2, makes up about 80% of the earths atmosphere. Give the valence bond description of this molecule.arrow_forward
- In addition to CO, CO2, and C3O2, there is another molecular oxide of carbon, pentacarbon dioxide, C5O2, a yellow solid. (a) What is the approximate C-to-C-to-O bond angle in pentacarbon dioxide? (b) What is the approximate C-to-C-to-C bond angle in this compound?arrow_forwardIndicate which of the following molecules are polar. Draw the molecular structure of each polar molecule, including the arrows that indicate the bond dipoles and the molecular dipole moment. (a) HCN (b) I2 (c) NOarrow_forwardBest Lewis Formula and Molecular Geometry A student writes the Lewis electron-dot formula for the carbonate anion, CO32, as a Does this Lewis formula obey the octet rule? Explain. What are the formal charges on the atoms? Try describing the bonding for this formula in valence bond terms. Do you have any difficulty doing this? b Does this Lewis formula give a reasonable description of the electron structure, or is there a better one? If there is a better Lewis formula, write it down and explain why it is better. c The same student writes the following resonance description for CO2: Is there something wrong with this description? (What would you predict as the geometries of these formulas?) d Is one or the other formula a better description? Could a value for the dipole moment help you decide? e Can you write a Lewis formula that gives an even better description of CO2? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- 2- a. Write a Lewis structure that obeys the octet rule for the following species. Assign the formal charge for the central atom of SO42. If multiple resonance structures exist, use one that does not involve an expanded valence. Formal charge: 3- b. Write a Lewis structure that obeys the octet rule for the following species. Assign the formal charge for the central atom of PO4³. If multiple resonance structures exist, use one that does not involve an expanded valence. Formal charge:arrow_forwardThe element vibranium (Vb) reacts with pandemonium (Pn) to generate a covalent PnVb4 molecule. If a pandemonium atom has 8 valence electrons and each vibranium atom has 7 valence electrons, draw the Lewis structure of PbVb4. What is the molecular geometry of the PbVb4 molecule? Pn is the central atom.arrow_forwardELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL BONDING Predicting deviations from ideal bond angles Consider the chlorite (C102) a anion. What is the central atom? Enter its chemical symbol. How many lone pairs are around the central atom? What is the ideal angle between the chlorine-oxygen bonds? Compared to the ideal angle, you would expect the actual angle between the chlorine-oxygen bonds to be... 0 0 (choose one) X 3 1/5arrow_forward
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