The following observation has to be explained – Enthalpy of vaporization of water is greater than the enthalpy of fusion. The change in intermolecular forces when a solid goes to liquid to vapor state has to be explained. The meaning of “volatile liquid” has to be outlined. The vapor pressure of volatile liquids at room temperature has to be illustrated. The strength of intermolecular forces in highly volatile liquids has to be outlined. Concept introduction: In all the three states of matter , the constituents (molecules or ions) of the matter do possess forces between them which are not the same in each state. These forces are called intermolecular forces. The intermolecular forces are relatively strong in the solids than liquids and weaker in the gaseous substances. This variation influences many of the properties of all the three distinct states of the matter. If the strength of intermolecular force is high in a substance then its melting point, freezing point, boiling point will be high and the vapor pressure will be low. If the strength of intermolecular force is very low in a substance then it can vaporize easily. Such phenomenon is knows as volatility. The amount of energy required by a liquid to convert a quantity of it to vapor at constant pressure is defined as enthalpy of vaporization. During vaporization, the pressure exerted by the vapor state existing in equilibrium with the liquid state is known as vapor pressure of the liquid. The amount of energy required by a solid to convert its certain quantity to liquid under constant pressure is defined as enthalpy of fusion.
The following observation has to be explained – Enthalpy of vaporization of water is greater than the enthalpy of fusion. The change in intermolecular forces when a solid goes to liquid to vapor state has to be explained. The meaning of “volatile liquid” has to be outlined. The vapor pressure of volatile liquids at room temperature has to be illustrated. The strength of intermolecular forces in highly volatile liquids has to be outlined. Concept introduction: In all the three states of matter , the constituents (molecules or ions) of the matter do possess forces between them which are not the same in each state. These forces are called intermolecular forces. The intermolecular forces are relatively strong in the solids than liquids and weaker in the gaseous substances. This variation influences many of the properties of all the three distinct states of the matter. If the strength of intermolecular force is high in a substance then its melting point, freezing point, boiling point will be high and the vapor pressure will be low. If the strength of intermolecular force is very low in a substance then it can vaporize easily. Such phenomenon is knows as volatility. The amount of energy required by a liquid to convert a quantity of it to vapor at constant pressure is defined as enthalpy of vaporization. During vaporization, the pressure exerted by the vapor state existing in equilibrium with the liquid state is known as vapor pressure of the liquid. The amount of energy required by a solid to convert its certain quantity to liquid under constant pressure is defined as enthalpy of fusion.
Definition Definition Substance that constitutes everything in the universe. Matter consists of atoms, which are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction: solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chapter 10, Problem 10RQ
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The following observation has to be explained – Enthalpy of vaporization of water is greater than the enthalpy of fusion.
The change in intermolecular forces when a solid goes to liquid to vapor state has to be explained.
The meaning of “volatile liquid” has to be outlined.
The vapor pressure of volatile liquids at room temperature has to be illustrated.
The strength of intermolecular forces in highly volatile liquids has to be outlined.
Concept introduction:
In all the three states of matter, the constituents (molecules or ions) of the matter do possess forces between them which are not the same in each state. These forces are called intermolecular forces. The intermolecular forces are relatively strong in the solids than liquids and weaker in the gaseous substances. This variation influences many of the properties of all the three distinct states of the matter. If the strength of intermolecular force is high in a substance then its melting point, freezing point, boiling point will be high and the vapor pressure will be low. If the strength of intermolecular force is very low in a substance then it can vaporize easily. Such phenomenon is knows as volatility.
The amount of energy required by a liquid to convert a quantity of it to vapor at constant pressure is defined as enthalpy of vaporization. During vaporization, the pressure exerted by the vapor state existing in equilibrium with the liquid state is known as vapor pressure of the liquid.
The amount of energy required by a solid to convert its certain quantity to liquid under constant pressure is defined as enthalpy of fusion.
Predict the major products of the following organic reaction:
NC
Δ
?
Some important Notes:
• Draw the major product, or products, of the reaction in the drawing area below.
• If there aren't any products, because no reaction will take place, check the box below the drawing area instead.
• Be sure to draw bonds carefully to show important geometric relationships between substituents.
Note: if your answer contains a complicated ring structure, you must use one of the molecular fragment stamps (available in the menu at right) to enter the
ring structure. You can add any substituents using the pencil tool in the usual way.
Click and drag to start drawing a
structure.
Х
а
Predict the major products of this organic reaction.
Be sure you use dash and wedge bonds to show stereochemistry where it's important.
+
☑
OH
1. TsCl, py
....
文
P
2. t-BuO K
Click and drag to start
drawing a structure.
Consider this organic reaction:
(
Draw the major products of the reaction in the drawing area below. If there won't be any major products, because this reaction won't happen at a significant
rate, check the box under the drawing area instead.
Click and drag to start drawing a structure.
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:
а
ค
1