Chapter 10, Problem 10A.4ST

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The magnitude of the electric dipole moment of methanol has to be given with the given information.

Concept introduction:

Polar molecules are the molecules having a positive and negative end and so there will be a charge separation.

A polar molecule is a molecule where the polar bonds are asymmetrically arranged (the dipoles do not cancel)

A nonpolar molecule is a molecule with no polar bonds or a molecule where the polar bonds are symmetrically arranged.

In polar molecule the charge separation occurred with respect to the difference in electronegativity of atoms in the molecule.

Calculation of the energy dipole moment for polyatomic molecules:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{μ}\text{=}{\left({\text{μ}}^{\text{2}}{}_{\text{x}}\text{+}{\text{μ}}^{\text{2}}{}_{\text{y}}\text{+}{\text{μ}}^{\text{2}}{}_{\text{z}}\right)}^{\text{1}/\text{2}}\\ \\ {\text{μ}}_{\text{x}}\text{-}\text{Dipole}\text{moment}\text{vector}\text{in}\text{x}\text{direction}\text{.}\\ \\ {\text{μ}}_{\text{y}}\text{-}\text{Dipole}\text{moment}\text{vector}\text{in}\text{y}\text{direction}\text{.}\\ \\ {\text{μ}}_{\text{z}}\text{-}\text{Dipole}\text{moment}\text{vector}\text{in}\text{z}\text{direction}\\ \end{array}$

The dipole moment vector in x direction can find out by the equation given below:

  $\begin{array}{c}{\text{μ}}_{\text{x}}\text{=}\text{å}{\text{Q}}_{\text{J}}{\text{x}}_{\text{J}}\\ \\ {\text{Q}}_{\text{J}}\text{-}\text{Partial}\text{charge}\text{of}\text{the}\text{atom}\text{J}\text{.}\\ \\ {\text{x}}_{\text{J}}\text{-}\text{x}\text{coordinate}\text{of}\text{the}\text{atom}\text{J}\end{array}$