
(a)
Interpretation:
The average dipole moment of 1,2-dichloroethane has to be determined if all the given three conformations are equal.
Concept Introduction:
Polar covalent bond involves an unequal sharing of electrons between two bonded atoms; it creates a partial separation of charge and a dipole moment.
Covalent bonds are polar, if there is a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms.
Calculation of the dipole moment of polyatomic molecules:
(a)

Explanation of Solution
The average dipole moment of the molecule can be calculated by the equation given below:
Given that the dipole moment of each
From the conformations, it is clear that conformation 2 is non polar and there will be no contribution to the mean dipole moment.
Thus, the mean dipole moment can be calculated by the below equation,
It can be rearranged as follows:
Therefore, the mean dipole moment is,
(b)
Interpretation:
The dipole moment of 1,2-dichloroethane has to be determined if all only second conformation exist.
Concept Introduction:
Polar covalent bond involves an unequal sharing of electrons between two bonded atoms; it creates a partial separation of charge and a dipole moment.
Covalent bonds are polar, if there is a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms.
Calculation of the dipole moment of polyatomic molecules:
(b)

Explanation of Solution
From the conformations, it is clear that conformation 2 is non polar and there will be no contribution to the mean dipole moment.
Therefore, the dipole moment will be zero for the compound, if only conformation 2 exist.
(c)
Interpretation:
The dipole moment of 1,2-dichloroethane has to be determined if the given conformations occur with probabilities in the ratio
Concept Introduction:
Polar covalent bond involves an unequal sharing of electrons between two bonded atoms; it creates a partial separation of charge and a dipole moment.
Covalent bonds are polar, if there is a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms.
Direction of dipole moment in a molecule is can be represented as follows,
(c)

Explanation of Solution
The average dipole moment of the molecule can be calculated by the equation given below:
Given the ratio for the conformation is
Thus, the mean dipole moment can be calculated by the below equation,
It can be rearranged as follows:
The mean dipole moment if the conformations are present in a ratio of
(d)
Interpretation:
The dipole moment of 1,2-dichloroethane has to be determined if the given conformations occur with probabilities in the ratio
Concept Introduction:
Polar covalent bond involves an unequal sharing of electrons between two bonded atoms; it creates a partial separation of charge and a dipole moment.
Covalent bonds are polar, if there is a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms.
Direction of dipole moment in a molecule is can be represented as follows,
(d)

Explanation of Solution
The average dipole moment of the molecule can be calculated by the equation given below:
Given the ratio for the conformation is
Thus, the mean dipole moment can be calculated by the below equation,
It can be rearranged as follows:
The mean dipole moment if the conformations are present in a ratio of
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Elements Of Physical Chemistry
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