The Cosmic Perspective
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780321839558
Author: Jeffrey O. Bennett, Megan O. Donahue, Nicholas Schneider, Mark Voit
Publisher: Addison-Wesley
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Chapter 1, Problem 6EAP
What do we mean when we say that the universe is expanding, and how does expansion lead to the idea of the Big Bang and our current estimate of the age of the universe?
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Consider three periods in the history of the Universe: one million years after the Big Bang (age = 1 million years), about five billion
years ago (age = 9 billion years), and today. What is the ranking in the expansion rate of the Universe in these three period, from
fastest to slowest expansion:
O 1 million years, today, 9 billion years.
today, 1 million years, 9 billion years.
today, 9 billion years, 1 million years.
O 1 million years, 9 billion years, today.
What is the Big Bang? What evidence do we see in the Universe that everything-which-exists exploded oddly out of nothing and for no rhyme or reason?
If we assume that the universe has been expanding at its current rate for its entire history, how old is the universe?
Chapter 1 Solutions
The Cosmic Perspective
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1VSCCh. 1 - Prob. 2VSCCh. 1 - Prob. 3VSCCh. 1 - Prob. 4VSCCh. 1 - Prob. 1EAPCh. 1 - Define astronomical unit and light-year.Ch. 1 - Explain the statement “The farther away we look in...Ch. 1 - Prob. 4EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 5EAPCh. 1 - What do we mean when we say that the universe is...
Ch. 1 - In what sense are we “star stuff”?Ch. 1 - Use the cosmic calendar to describe how the human...Ch. 1 - Briefly explain Earth’s daily rotation and annual...Ch. 1 - Briefly describe our solar system’s location and...Ch. 1 - Prob. 11EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 12EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 13EAPCh. 1 - Does it Make Sense? Decide whether the statement...Ch. 1 - Prob. 15EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 16EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 17EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 18EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 19EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 20EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 21EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 22EAPCh. 1 - Which of the following correctly lists our ‘cosmic...Ch. 1 - An astronomical unit is (a) any planet’s average...Ch. 1 - The star Betelgeuse is about 600 light-years away....Ch. 1 - Prob. 26EAPCh. 1 - The total number of stars in the observable...Ch. 1 - Prob. 28EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 29EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 30EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 31EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 32EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 33EAPCh. 1 - Thinking About Scale. One key to success in...Ch. 1 - Prob. 35EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 36EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 37EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 38EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 39EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 40EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 41EAPCh. 1 - Spacecraft Communication. We use radio waves,...Ch. 1 - Prob. 43EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 44EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 45EAPCh. 1 - Driving Trips. Imagine that you could drive your...Ch. 1 - Faster Trip. Suppose you wanted to reach Alpha...Ch. 1 - Prob. 48EAPCh. 1 - Earth Rotation Speed. Mathematical Insight 1.3...Ch. 1 - Prob. 50EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 51EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 52EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 53EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 54EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 55EAP
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- What does it mean to say that the universe is expanding? What is expanding? For example, is your astronomy classroom expanding? Is the solar system? Why or why not?arrow_forwardIn which type of model universe is space-time infinite in extent and positively curved? List all possibilities.arrow_forwardHubble's First Attempt. Edwin Hubble's first attempt to measure the universe's expansion rate was flawed because the standard candles he was using were not properly calibrated. Look at (Figure 1) a.Estimate the value of Ho corresponding to the solid line in the figure. Express your answer kilometers per second per million light-years to two significant figures. b.What is the approximate age of the universe indicated by that erroneous value of Ho? Express your answer in years to one significant figure.arrow_forward
- Your friends are talking about Olber's Paradox: Friend 1: When the universe was quite young, it was also quite small, and therefore light was trapped inside the universe. This is why we don't see light from the edge of the universe in every direction. Friend 2: No, Olber's Paradox describes only light from stars, not from galaxies, and why you can't use light from distant stars to see at night. Friend 3: You're both right and you're both wrong. The paradox concerns itself with the expansion of the universe, and explains why light from the early universe was able to be released. Are any of them right, in part or in whole?arrow_forwardSo if our universe is about 15 billion years old. Do we think this because we can't see farther away in the distance or is there no light source past that distance?arrow_forwardM6arrow_forward
- What are the three important pieces of evidence that led scientists to accept the Big Bang as the most likely model for the origin of the universe?arrow_forwardI'm having trouble understanding this. Suppose we have a spaceship about the size of a typical ocean cruise ship today, which means it has a mass of about 130 million kilograms, and we want to accelerate the ship to a speed of 12 % of the speed of light. Suppose you want to generate the energy to get it to cruising speed using matter-antimatter annihilation. How much antimatter would you need to produce and take on the ship? Express your answer using two significant figures.arrow_forwardis "the idea that a complete description of the universe at any time-fifty years ago, shortly after the Big Bang or whatever-together with a complete list of all the laws of nature entails everything else that's true about the universe, including everything that will ever happen." Mark for Review What's This?arrow_forward
- mathematician Archimedes, responding to a claim that the number of grains of sand was infinite, calculated that the number of grains of sand needed to fill the universe was on the order of 1063. Our understanding of the size of the universe has changed since then, and we now know that the observable universe alone is a sphere with a radius of 1026 m. Estimating the size of a grain of sand, A) Approximately how many grains of sand would fill the observable universe? B) How many times larger or smaller is this number than Archimedes' result?arrow_forwardWhat is the the steady-state theory of the universe, and why was it abandoned? What theory do we recognize today for explanation of the creation of the universe?arrow_forwardAssume the observable Universe is charge neutral, and that it contains n nuclei (hydrogen plus helium nuclei, ignoring other elements). Take the helium mass fraction as 1/4. How many electrons are there in the observable Universe? Enter your answer in scientific notation with one decimal place. Value: n = 4*1080arrow_forward
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