a)
Interpretation : The independent variable and the dependent variable are to be identified.
Concept Introduction : The experiment when constructed usually deals with variables or factors that change.
a)
Answer to Problem 65A
The independent variable is the amount of salt added.
Explanation of Solution
The independent variable is that which can be modified during an experiment. It is also called a manipulated variable.
An independent variable keeps changing during an experiment whereas the dependent variable changes according to the independent variable.
According to the definition, the amount of salt added is the independent variable.
b)
Interpretation : The factors that should be kept constant during the experiment are to be named.
Concept Introduction : The experiment when constructed usually deals with variables or factors that change.
b)
Answer to Problem 65A
The dependent variable is the freezing point of salt water.
Explanation of Solution
A dependent variable is measured during an experiment. It is also called a responding variable.
An independent variable keeps changing during an experiment whereas the dependent variable changes according to the independent variable.
According to the definition, the freezing point of the salt water is the dependent variable.
c)
Interpretation : The volume of water should be the same for each test to be explained.
Concept Introduction : The experiment when constructed usually deals with variables or factors that change.
c)
Answer to Problem 65A
To avoid unnecessary confusion and to get accurate results, the volume of the water is kept constant.
Explanation of Solution
The independent variable is the one that can be modified during an experiment. It is also called a manipulated variable.
A dependent variable is measured during an experiment. It is also called a responding variable.
An independent variable keeps changing during an experiment whereas the dependent variable changes according to the independent variable.
The volume of the water should be kept constant for each of the tests. This is because if there is any volume change it also affects the freezing point since the change in volume and salt getting mixed with the volume of water differs.
To avoid unnecessary confusion and to get accurate results, the volume of the water is kept constant.
d)
Interpretation : The hypothesis supported by the data is to be explained.
Concept Introduction : A hypothesis is a theory put up to explain an observable.
d)
Answer to Problem 65A
The hypothesis supports the answer till 15 g of salt addition.
Explanation of Solution
A hypothesis is a theory put up to explain an observable. Only if it explains what is witnessed is it valuable. The hypothesis must be modified when experimental data does not support it.
Yes, the hypothesis made by the student is correct till 15 g of salt addition. The temperature of freezing decreases as the salt addition is added more and more till 15 g. But after that, there is a slight rise in freezing temperature.
To find the trend, furthermore, salts are to be added and the temperature of freezing should be noted.
Chapter 1 Solutions
EP CHEMISTRY-ETEXT ACCESS
- On what basis are Na and Nb ranked against each other?arrow_forwardStep 1: add a curved arrow. Select Draw Templates More / " C H Br 0 Br : :o: Erase H H H H Q2Q Step 2: Draw the intermediates and a curved arrow. Select Draw Templates More MacBook Air / " C H Br 0 9 Q Erase 2Qarrow_forwardO Macmillan Learning Question 23 of 26 > Stacked Step 7: Check your work. Does your synthesis strategy give a substitution reaction with the expected regiochemistry and stereochemistry? Draw the expected product of the forward reaction. - - CN DMF MacBook Air Clearly show stereochemistry. Questionarrow_forward
- NH2 1. CH3–MgCl 2. H3O+ ? As the lead product manager at OrganometALEKS Industries, you are trying to decide if the following reaction will make a molecule with a new C - C bond as its major product: If this reaction will work, draw the major organic product or products you would expect in the drawing area below. If there's more than one major product, you can draw them in any arrangement you like. Be sure you use wedge and dash bonds if necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. If the major products of this reaction won't have a new C - C bond, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. This reaction will not make a product with a new C - C bond. Х ☐: Carrow_forwardPredict the major products of this organic reaction. If there will be no major products, check the box under the drawing area instead. No reaction. : + Х è OH K Cr O 2 27 2 4' 2 Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forwardLaminar compounds are characterized by havinga) a high value of the internal surface of the solid.b) a high adsorption potential.arrow_forward
- Intercalation compounds have their sheetsa) negatively charged.b) positively charged.arrow_forwardIndicate whether the following two statements are correct or not:- Polythiazine, formed by N and S, does not conduct electricity- Carbon can have a specific surface area of 3000 m2/garrow_forwardIndicate whether the following two statements are correct or not:- The S8 heterocycle is the origin of a family of compounds- Most of the elements that give rise to stable heterocycles belong to group d.arrow_forward
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY