Evolution
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781605356051
Author: Douglas Futuyma, Mark Kirkpatrick
Publisher: SINAUER
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Chapter 1, Problem 5PDT
Summary Introduction
To explain: The contrasting points of Darwin’s ideas of the origin of species with the prevailing notions of that time.
Introduction: Before Darwin, it was Lamarck’s theory that was most accepted in explaining the evolution of organisms. Theory of evolution given by Lamarck and Darwin explained almost the same basic things, but Lamarck’s theory of evolution lacked certain scientific basis of explanation that made Darwin’s theory more acceptable at that time. Darwin emphasized more on common ancestry, whereas Lamarck’s theory did not give any importance to ancestry.
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The theory of evolution by Darwin is a composite theory, i.e. it has five component theories:
1. Evolution as such is the simple proposition that the characteristics of lineages of organisms change over time
2. Common descent is a radically different view of evolution than the scheme Lamarck proposed. Common descent is a concept in evolutionary biology applicable when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time.
3. Gradualism – Darwin’s proposition that the differences between even radically different organisms have evolved incrementally, by small steps through intermediate forms. The alternative to this theory, as discussed in later sections, is saltation with great reference to large differences that are believed to have evolved by leaps without intermediates.
4. Populational change – Darwin’s thesis that evolution occurs by changes in the proportions of individuals within a population that have different inherited characteristics.
5. Natural selection – Darwin’s…
The theory of evolution by Darwin is a composite theory, i.e. it has five component theories:
1. Evolution as such is the simple proposition that the characteristics of lineages of organisms change over time
2. Common descent is a radically different view of evolution than the scheme Lamarck proposed. Common descent is a concept in evolutionary biology applicable when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time.
3. Gradualism – Darwin’s proposition that the differences between even radically different organisms have evolved incrementally, by small steps through intermediate forms. The alternative to this theory, as discussed in later sections, is saltation with great reference to large differences that are believed to have evolved by leaps without intermediates.
4. Populational change – Darwin’s thesis that evolution occurs by changes in the proportions of individuals within a population that have different inherited characteristics.
5. Natural selection – Darwin’s…
The theory of evolution by Darwin is a composite theory, i.e. it has five component theories:
1. Evolution as such is the simple proposition that the characteristics of lineages of organisms change over time
2. Common descent is a radically different view of evolution than the scheme Lamarck proposed. Common descent is a concept in evolutionary biology applicable when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time.
3. Gradualism – Darwin’s proposition that the differences between even radically different organisms have evolved incrementally, by small steps through intermediate forms. The alternative to this theory, as discussed in later sections, is saltation with great reference to large differences that are believed to have evolved by leaps without intermediates.
4. Populational change – Darwin’s thesis that evolution occurs by changes in the proportions of individuals within a population that have different inherited characteristics.
5. Natural selection – Darwin’s…
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- The theory of evolution by Darwin is a composite theory, i.e. it has five component theories: 1. Evolution as such is the simple proposition that the characteristics of lineages of organisms change over time 2. Common descent is a radically different view of evolution than the scheme Lamarck proposed. Common descent is a concept in evolutionary biology applicable when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time. 3. Gradualism – Darwin’s proposition that the differences between even radically different organisms have evolved incrementally, by small steps through intermediate forms. The alternative to this theory, as discussed in later sections, is saltation with great reference to large differences that are believed to have evolved by leaps without intermediates. 4. Populational change – Darwin’s thesis that evolution occurs by changes in the proportions of individuals within a population that have different inherited characteristics. 5. Natural selection – Darwin’s…arrow_forwardThe theory of evolution by Darwin is a composite theory, i.e. it has five component theories: 1. Evolution as such is the simple proposition that the characteristics of lineages of organisms change over time 2. Common descent is a radically different view of evolution than the scheme Lamarck proposed. Common descent is a concept in evolutionary biology applicable when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time. 3. Gradualism – Darwin’s proposition that the differences between even radically different organisms have evolved incrementally, by small steps through intermediate forms. The alternative to this theory, as discussed in later sections, is saltation with great reference to large differences that are believed to have evolved by leaps without intermediates. 4. Populational change – Darwin’s thesis that evolution occurs by changes in the proportions of individuals within a population that have different inherited characteristics. 5. Natural selection – Darwin’s…arrow_forwardThe theory of evolution by Darwin is a composite theory, i.e. it has five component theories: 1. Evolution as such is the simple proposition that the characteristics of lineages of organisms change over time 2. Common descent is a radically different view of evolution than the scheme Lamarck proposed. Common descent is a concept in evolutionary biology applicable when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time. 3. Gradualism – Darwin’s proposition that the differences between even radically different organisms have evolved incrementally, by small steps through intermediate forms. The alternative to this theory, as discussed in later sections, is saltation with great reference to large differences that are believed to have evolved by leaps without intermediates. 4. Populational change – Darwin’s thesis that evolution occurs by changes in the proportions of individuals within a population that have different inherited characteristics. 5. Natural selection – Darwin’s…arrow_forward
- What was missing in Darwin’s explanation of evolution by natural selection? How does the modern synthesis fill this gap?arrow_forwardWhat are the main elements of Darwin's theory of evolution?arrow_forwardCan you list and explain the major the observations that were made by Darwin that led him to the theory of biological evolution?arrow_forward
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- In lecture we discussed eight (8) lines of evidence that Darwin used to lay out his argument for the fact of evolution in his book On the Origin of Species (1859). Using your materials from lecture and the last chapter of the "Origin" that we read for section, 1) rank order these lines of evidence based on what you find the most to the least compelling. 2) Be sure to describe each of these lines of evidence and 3) discuss how they are, or not, relevant in the early 21st century. (From old pset1) Evidence Variation in domesticated species and breeding (artificial selection) Hierarchical classification (groups nested within groups) "Unity of type" - modification of the same basic structure (homology) Evident "fit" of organisms to environments (but imperfections) (adaptation) Structures without apparent function (vestigial structures) Similarity of organisms in early phases of development (embryology) Order in diversity through time in the fossil record (paleontology) Order in…arrow_forwardDescribe the factors that led Darwin to the theory of evolution.arrow_forwardWhat are Darwin's four observations concerning natural selection? List and briefly explain each one with an example. How does natural selection impact evolution?arrow_forward
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