The early alchemists used to do an experiment in which water was boiled for several days in a sealed glass container. Eventually, some solid residue would appear in the bottom of the flask, which was interpreted to mean that some of the water in the flask had been converted into “earth.” When Lavoisier repeated this experiment, he found that the water weighed the same before and after heating and the mass of the flask plus the solid residue equaled the original mass of the flask. Were the alchemists correct? Explain what happened. (This experiment is described in the article by A. F. Scott in Scientific American, January 1984.)
The early alchemists used to do an experiment in which water was boiled for several days in a sealed glass container. Eventually, some solid residue would appear in the bottom of the flask, which was interpreted to mean that some of the water in the flask had been converted into “earth.” When Lavoisier repeated this experiment, he found that the water weighed the same before and after heating and the mass of the flask plus the solid residue equaled the original mass of the flask. Were the alchemists correct? Explain what happened. (This experiment is described in the article by A. F. Scott in Scientific American, January 1984.)
Solution Summary: The author explains that when alchemist boil the sealed water for several days, it resulted in residue in the bottom of the flask.
The early alchemists used to do an experiment in which water was boiled for several days in a sealed glass container. Eventually, some solid residue would appear in the bottom of the flask, which was interpreted to mean that some of the water in the flask had been converted into “earth.” When Lavoisier repeated this experiment, he found that the water weighed the same before and after heating and the mass of the flask plus the solid residue equaled the original mass of the flask. Were the alchemists correct? Explain what happened. (This experiment is described in the article by A. F. Scott in Scientific American, January 1984.)
Please predict the products for each of the
following reactions.
Clearly show the regiochemistry (Markovnikov
vs anti-Markovnikov) and stereochemistry
(syn- vs anti- or both).
If a mixture of enantiomers is formed, please
draw all the enantiomers.
cold
KMnO4, NaOH
2. DMS
1. 03
CH3OH
Br2
1.
03
2. (CH3)2S
H₂
Pd or Pt (catalyst)
HBr
18
19
20 1
HBr
ROOR (peroxide)
H₂O
H₂SO4
HCI
HI
17
16
6
15
MCPBA
1. BH3 THF
2. H₂O2, NaOH
1. OsO4
2. H₂O₂
110
CH3CO₂H
(peroxyacid)
1. MCPBA
2. H₂O*
Br2
H₂O
BH3 THF
B12
EtOH
Pd or Ni (catalyst)
D₂ (deuterium)
Bra
A
B
C
D
H
OH
H
OH
OH
H
OH
α α α
OH
H
OH
OH
фон
d
H
"H
Briefly indicate the models that describe the structure of the interface: Helmholtz-Perrin, Gouy-Chapman, Stern and Grahame models.
Electrochemistry. Briefly describe the Gibbs model and the Gibbs absorption equation.
Chapter 1 Solutions
Bundle: Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Loose-leaf Version, 2nd + OWLv2 with Student Solutions Manual, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card
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