Chapter 1, Problem 41P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For each of the given compounds, all the possible resonance structures are to be written including the appropriate formal charges.

Concept introduction:

Resonating structures are structures that have more than one equivalent Lewis structure for the same molecule or ion.

According to the convention, these structures are connected by double-headed arrows ($\stackrel{}{\leftrightarrow }$).

Movement of electrons (whether bonding or lone pair) is indicated by curved arrows.

The rules for writing the resonance structures are:

Resonance structures have existence in papers only, they are not real structures.

While writing the resonance structures, movement of either double bonded electrons or lone pair of electrons are shown.

All structures should be correct Lewis structures.

The energy of any contributing structure is higher than the energy of the resonance hybrid.

For equivalent resonating structures, the resonance stabilization is large.