Concept explainers
Interpretation:
For each of the given compounds, all the possible resonance structures are to be written including the appropriate formal charges.
Concept introduction:
Resonating structures are structures that have more than one equivalent Lewis structure for the same molecule or ion.
According to the convention, these structures are connected by double-headed arrows (
Movement of electrons (whether bonding or lone pair) is indicated by curved arrows.
The rules for writing the resonance structures are:
Resonance structures have existence in papers only, they are not real structures.
While writing the resonance structures, movement of either double bonded electrons or lone pair of electrons are shown.
All structures should be correct Lewis structures.
The energy of any contributing structure is higher than the energy of the resonance hybrid.
For equivalent resonating structures, the resonance stabilization is large.
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Chapter 1 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (LL) W/WILEYPLUS NEXT
- In the Lewis structure for chloromethane, the chlorine atom is sharing _____ electron pair and “owns” _____ of those electrons. Also, the chlorine atom possesses two electrons from each of _____ unshared pairs. The total number of electrons that belong to chlorine is 7 . Chlorine is a Group ____ element. The formal charge on chlorine in chloromethane is ____.arrow_forwardEthanol, , is a compound in which the formal charge on all the atoms is zero. Under certain conditions the bond can be broken so that both electrons remain with the oxygen atom. The products are In this structure the oxygen owns one electron from shared pair and two electrons from each of unshared pairs. The total number of electrons belonging to oxygen is Oxygen is a Group element. The formal charge on the oxygen atom is . The correct Lewis structure for the ethoxide ion is Note that the other fragment, the proton, leaves with a formal charge of +1.arrow_forwardThe carbon atom owns one electron from each of shared pairs and two electrons from unshared pair. The number of electrons that belong to carbon is . Carbon is a Group element. Since the carbon atom has one more electron than it would in the neutral, unbonded state, it has a formal charge of –1 . The Lewis structure for the methyl anion is The lithium fragment must have a formal charge ofarrow_forward
- Provide three additional resonance structures (not including the original structure) for the molecule shown below. You must show all lone pair electrons and all formal charges.arrow_forwardplease explain alsoarrow_forwardChoose the INCORRECT statement. In a Lewis structure, the number of valence electrons shown is one more for each negative charge. The central atom is typically the atom with the highest electronegativity. Formal charges are apparent charges associated with atoms in a Lewis structure. Resonance is when more than one plausible structure can be written but the "correct" structure cannot be written.arrow_forward
- Two major resonance structures are possible for the anion shown. One resonance form is given, but it is incomplete. Complete the given structure by adding nonbonding electrons and formal charges. Draw the remaining structure, including nonbonding electrons and formal charges. Omit curved arrows. Structure A: complete the structure by adding nonbonding electrons and formal charges. H H H I Structure B: draw the remaining resonance structure, including nonbonding electrons and formal charges. H- : z: H Harrow_forwardDraw two resonance structures of the given molecule/ion. Be sure to include all lone pairs. :Ö:arrow_forward1. Draw the resonance structures of the following molecule, using curved arrows to show electron movement and appropriate arrows to show the relationship between the structures. All lone pairs and charges must be clearly shown.arrow_forward
- Unshared, or lone, electron pairs play an important role in determining the chemical and phy compounds. Thus, it is important to know which atoms carry unshared pairs. Use the structural formulas below to determine the number of unshared pairs at each Be sure your answers are consistent with the formal charges on the formulas. The number of unshared pairs at atom a is The number of unshared pairs at atom b is The number of unshared pairs at atom c is ALI H-A-H bH The number of unshared pairs at atom a is The number of unshared pairs at atom b is The number of unshared pairs at atom c isarrow_forwardMatch each molecule with the formal charge of the element in bold.If several resonance structures are possible, consider only one in which all atoms obey the octet rule. NOClO3 (middle O)CO2arrow_forwardPlease don't use hend raiting and don't use Ai solutionarrow_forward
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