Concept explainers
Carefully read through the list of terminology we’ve used in this Unit. Consider circling the terms you aren’t familiar with and looking them up. Then test your understanding by using the list to fill in the appropriate blank in each sentence. Hint: One word is used twice.
axis
bar graph
categorical frequency distribution
classes
commutative
complement
compound interest
coordinates
data
degrees
element
empirical probability
exponential growth
grouped frequency distribution
histogram
interest
intersection
like quantities
linear growth
lower limit
origin
perimeter
pie chart
plotting points
population
probability
raw data
rectangular
representative sample
roster method
sample
scale
scientific notation
set
simple interest
stem and leaf plot
theoretical probability
time-series data
time-series graph
union
universal set
upper limit
Venn diagram
well-defined
x axis
y axis
The data collected for a statistical study are called _______________.
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PATHWAYS TO MATH LITERACY(LL)W/ ALEKS
- 5 of 5 (i) Let a discrete sample space be given by Ω = {ω1, 2, 3, 4}, Total marks 12 and let a probability measure P on be given by P(w1) 0.2, P(w2) = 0.2, P(w3) = 0.5, P(w4) = 0.1. = Consider the random variables X1, X2 → R defined by X₁(w3) = 1, X₁(4) = 1, X₁(w₁) = 1, X₁(w2) = 2, X2(w1) = 2, X2(w2) = 2, X2(W3) = 1, X2(w4) = 2. Find the joint distribution of X1, X2. (ii) [4 Marks] Let Y, Z be random variables on a probability space (N, F, P). Let the random vector (Y, Z) take on values in the set [0,1] × [0,2] and let the joint distribution of Y, Z on [0,1] × [0,2] be given by 1 dPy,z(y, z) (y²z + y²²) dy dz. Find the distribution Py of the random variable Y. [8 Marks]arrow_forwardRefer to page 40 for solving a time-optimal control problem. Instructions: • Formulate the problem by minimizing the time to reach a target state. • Apply Pontryagin's Maximum Principle to derive the optimal control and switching conditions. • Solve explicitly for the control and state trajectories. Include clear diagrams to visualize the solution. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardQ1/ Two plate load tests were conducted in a C-0 soil as given belo Determine the required size of a footing to carry a load of 1250 kN for the same settlement of 30 mm. Size of plates (m) Load (KN) Settlement (mm) 0.3 x 0.3 40 30 0.6 x 0.6 100 30 Qx 0.6zarrow_forward
- Total marks 16 5. Let (,,P) be a probability space and let X : → R be a random variable whose probability density function is given by f(x) = }}|x|e¯|×| for x Є R. (i) (ii) Find the characteristic function of the random variable X. [8 Marks] Using the result of (i), calculate the first two moments of the random variable X, i.e., E(X") for n = 1, 2. (iii) What is the variance of X? [6 Marks] [2 Marks]arrow_forwardRefer to page 12 for a problem on solving a homogeneous differential equation. Instructions: • Simplify the equation into a homogeneous form. Use appropriate substitutions to reduce complexity. Solve systematically and verify the final result with clear back-substitutions. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 36 for solving a bang-bang control problem. Instructions: • Formulate the problem, identifying the control constraints. • • Apply Pontryagin's Maximum Principle to derive the switching conditions. Clearly illustrate the switching points in the control trajectory. Verify the solution satisfies the optimality criteria. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forward
- Total marks 16 5. Let (N,F,P) be a probability space and let X : N → R be a random variable such that the probability density function is given by f(x)=ex for x € R. (i) Find the characteristic function of the random variable X. [8 Marks] (ii) Using the result of (i), calculate the first two moments of the random variable X, i.e., E(X") for n = 1,2. (iii) What is the variance of X. [6 Marks] [2 Marks]arrow_forward6. Let P be the standard normal distribution, i.e., P is the proba- bility measure on (R, B(R)) given by 1 dP(x) = 를 = e dx. √2πT Consider the random variables 21 fn(x) = (1 + x²) en+2, x Є R, n Є N. Using the dominated convergence theorem, prove that the limit Total marks 9 exists and find it. lim E(fn) n∞ [9 Marks]arrow_forwardRefer to page 38 for solving an optimal control problem using dynamic programming. Instructions: • Define the value function and derive the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation. • Solve the HJB equation explicitly, showing all intermediate steps and justifications. Verify the solution satisfies the boundary conditions and optimality. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forward
- Refer to page 18 for solving a second-order linear non-homogeneous differential equation. Instructions: Solve the associated homogeneous equation first. Use either the method of undetermined coefficients or variation of parameters for the particular solution. • Provide detailed steps for combining solutions into the general solution. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forward6. Let X be a random variable taking values in (0,∞) with proba- bility density function fx(u) = 5e5u u > 0. Total marks 8 Let Y = X2. Find the probability density function of Y. [8 Marks]arrow_forward5. Let a probability measure P on ([0,3], B([0,3])) be given by 1 dP(s): = ½ s² ds. 9 Consider a random variable X : [0,3] → R given by X(s) = s², sc [0,3]. S Total marks 7 Find the distribution of X. [7 Marks]arrow_forward
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